Electron mobility in hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile field-effect transistors

Saragi, Tobat P. I.; Reichert, Thomas; Scheffler, Ayna; Kussler, Manfred; Salbeck, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.synthmet.2012.07.021

Cited by 8 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…23,24 On the other hand, the HAT-CN interlayer would not provide a flat surface, especially as compared to graphene. 17,25 This leads to changes in the direction of molecular orbitals, which affects the electronic coupling of the overlayer (active layer). Although these effects are expected to be quite different for each system, fundamental studies on them are still lacking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Molecular Orientation on the Hole Injection Barrier Reduction: CuPc/HAT-CN/Graphene

et al. 2016

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The molecular orientation affected by the interaction between a substrate and deposited molecules plays an important role in device performance. It is known that the molecular orientation influences not only the charge transport property but also its electronic structure. Therefore, the combined study of morphology and electronic structure is of high importance for device application. As a transparent electrode, graphene has many promising advantages. However, graphene itself does not have an adequate work function for either an anode or a cathode, and thus the insertion of a charge injection layer is necessary for it to be used as an electrode. In this study, the hole injection barrier (HIB) reduction was investigated at the interface of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc)/graphene with the insertion of a hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) layer between them. The insertion of the HAT-CN layer roughens the originally flat graphene surface and it weakens the πinteraction between CuPc and of graphene. This induces face-on and edge-on mixed orientations of CuPc, while CuPc on bare graphene shows merely a face-on orientation. As a result, the HIB is reduced by the contribution of edge-on CuPc having lower ionization energy (0.37 eV) along with the high work function of the HAT-CN layer (0.26 eV).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Molecular Orientation on the Hole Injection Barrier Reduction: CuPc/HAT-CN/Graphene

et al. 2016

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“…Thus, the open circuit voltage (V OC ), FF and power conversion efficiency of inverted OSCs based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT): [6,6]phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) can be greatly improved by inserting a HAT-CN interlayer between the active layer and the cathode. 174 HAT-CN has also been investigated in magnetoresistive field effect transistors. HAT-CN in organic field effect transistors (OFETs).…”

Section: Hat-cn In Organic Solar Cells (Oscs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A mobility of 2.5 Â 10 À4 cm 2 V À1 s À1 with an ON/OFF ratio of up to 2 Â 10 4 has been measured at room temperature in a bottom-contact n-channel OFET with SiO 2 dielectric and gold drain/source electrodes. 174 HAT-CN has also been investigated in magnetoresistive field effect transistors. The phenomenon of organic magnetoresistance, usually abbreviated to OMAR, refers to the change in electrical resistivity in sandwich structures of nonmagnetic metals and organic materials under a magnetic field.…”

Section: Hat-cn For (Opto)electronic Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) derivatives: from synthesis to molecular design, self-organization and device applications

et al. 2015

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Dipyrazino[2,3-f:2′,3′-h]quinoxaline also known as 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) is an electron deficient, rigid, planar, aromatic discotic system with an excellent π–π stacking ability. Because it is one of the smallest two-dimensional N-containing polyheterocyclic aromatic systems, it has been used as the basic scaffold for larger 2D N-substituted polyheterocyclic aromatics. Furthermore, it is the building block of choice in a plethora of molecular, macromolecular and supramolecular systems for a variety of applications. This review is aimed to critically review the research performed during the almost three decades of research based on HAT from the synthetic, theoretical and application points of view. The design principles and synthetic strategies towards HAT derivatives will be established and their use in n-type semiconductors, sensors, nonlinear optical chromophores, liquid crystals, microporous polymers for energy storage and nano and microstructures will reveal the relevance of HAT as a basic scaffold in the areas of organic materials and nanoscience.

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“…To date, various HILs have been reported, [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and, among these, 1,4,5,8,9, 11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) has been employed in HILs (leading to low driving voltage) 4,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22] since the first application of OLED by LG Chemical Ltd. 22 HAT-CN was first reported by Czarnik and co-workers 23 and its characterization has been investigated in various studies. [24][25][26][27][28][29] The most remarkable property of HAT-CN is the extremely deep energy level of its lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Six nitrile groups attached to a heterocyclic moiety generate a large electron withdrawal effect from the heterocycle, making it a strong acceptor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The injected hole is transported through the HTM, whereas the injected electron is transported through HAT-CN with a mobility of 2.5 × 10 − 4 cm 2 V − 1 s − 1 . 27 Therefore, HAT-CN has attracted attention as an HIL-reducing driving voltage agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of solution-processed 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile crystallization by mixing additives for hole injection layers in organic light-emitting devices

Takahashi

Chiba

et al. 2016

Polym J

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We report the inhibition of solution-processed 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) crystallization by mixing additives for the hole injection layers (HILs) in organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). Various additives were mixed with the HAT-CN layer, including acrylates, compounds resembling HAT-CN and arylamine derivatives. Among these, the HAT-CN films mixed with ditrimethylol propane tetraacrylate (AD-TMP) and pyrazino[2,3-f][1,10]phenanthroline-2,3-dicarbonitrile (PPDN) showed a transparent appearance and high solvent resistances. The former was ascribed to the inhibition of the crystallization. We used these additives for the preparation of electron acceptor layers in charge generation layers (CGLs) of the CGL-only devices. The device prepared by mixing HAT-CN with PPDN showed a lower driving voltage and was applied to the production of an HIL in a solution-processed OLED. The device showed a lower driving voltage and a higher luminescent efficiency than those of the device containing a conventional HIL, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS).

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Electron mobility in hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile field-effect transistors

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Impacts of Molecular Orientation on the Hole Injection Barrier Reduction: CuPc/HAT-CN/Graphene

Impacts of Molecular Orientation on the Hole Injection Barrier Reduction: CuPc/HAT-CN/Graphene

Hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) derivatives: from synthesis to molecular design, self-organization and device applications

Inhibition of solution-processed 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile crystallization by mixing additives for hole injection layers in organic light-emitting devices

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