Electron Model Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator

Cole, F.T.; Haxby, R. O.; Jones, L. W.; Pruett, C. H.; Terwilliger, K. M.

doi:10.1063/1.1715895

Cited by 40 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…FFAG accelerators were independently proposed by Ohkawa [3], Symon [4], and Kolomensky [5] in the 1950's and several electron accelerators were built by the Midwestern Universities Research Association (MURA) in the 1950's and 1960's as prototypes for future high energy proton accelerators [6,7,8]. The scaling FFAG, in which the tunes are constant throughout the acceleration cycle, has a vertical magnetic field in the device midplane given by…”

Section: Ffag Betatronmentioning

confidence: 99%

High average current betatrons for industrial and security applications

Boucher

Agustsson

Frigola

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC)

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The fixed-field alternating-gradient (FFAG) betatron has emerged as a viable alternative to RF linacs as a source of high-energy radiation for industrial and security applications. For industrial applications, high average currents at modest relativistic electron beam energies, typically in the 5 to 10 MeV range, are desired for medical product sterilization, food irradiation and materials processing. For security applications, high power x-rays in the 3 to 20 MeV range are needed for rapid screening of cargo containers and vehicles. In a FFAG betatron, high-power output is possible due to high duty factor and fast acceleration cycle: electrons are injected and accelerated in a quasi-CW mode while being confined and focused in the fixed-field alternatinggradient lattice. The beam is accelerated via magnetic induction from a betatron core made with modern lowloss magnetic materials. Here we present the design and status of a prototype FFAG betatron, called the Radiatron, as well as future prospects for these machines.

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Section: Ffag Betatronmentioning

confidence: 99%

High average current betatrons for industrial and security applications

Boucher

Agustsson

Frigola

et al. 2007

2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference (PAC)

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“…In contrast to the previously considered versions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10], a unipolar radial sector system of the controlling field was analyzed [11]. Figure 2a shows the scheme of a unipolar magnetic system (particular case of a 6-sector electromagnet).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…), betatrons with constant controlling fields are a special type of accelerator without an analog. The development of betatrons with a constant controlling field was preceded by research on the usual betatron and phasotron conditions in small models [2,3] and, afterwards, in the existing electron accelerators for the maximum energy of 40 MeV [4,5]. The difficulties encountered in the generation of the controlling field of a betatron with a constant controlling field were overcome in the course of those investigations and a simplified method of calculating and generating the field [6] wins developed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quasi-continuously operating inductive accelerators

Kanunnikov¹,

Kolomenskiǐ²,

Mikhalev³

et al. 1975

At Energy

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“…In practice, scaling FFAGs are realized by two different types of structure. One is based on radial sector magnets [16] and the other uses a spiral sector structure [17] and depends on the form of F (ϑ) in Eq. (1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scaling Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient Accelerators with Reverse Bend and Spiral Edge Angle

Machida

2017

Phys. Rev. Lett.

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A novel scaling type of Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) accelerator is proposed that solves the major problems of conventional scaling FFAGs. This scaling FFAG accelerator combines reverse bending magnets of the radial sector type and a spiral edge angle of the spiral sector type to ensure sufficient vertical focusing without relying on extreme values of either parameter. This new concept makes it possible to design a scaling FFAG for high energy (above GeV range) applications such as a proton driver for a spallation neutron source and an accelerator driven subcritical reactor.Particle accelerators were developed initially as a tool to explore particle physics at the energy frontier. Recently, however, many accelerators have been constructed for other fields of physics mostly with the aim of producing secondary or tertiary particles such as neutrons, muons and neutrinos. A figure of merit in this area is a measure of the number of energetic particles, usually protons, that are used to create secondary or tertiary particles through impact with a production target. The energy of each particle does not have to be as high as in accelerators for research at the energy frontier; instead emphasis is put on the beam intensity, which is always demanding. The research field that this type of accelerator explores is called the intensity frontier, and the accelerator is usually referred to as a proton driver.Considering the cross-section of the secondary and tertiary particle production, the energy range of a proton driver covers a range from a few 100 MeV to some 10's of GeV. Cyclotrons cover the lower end: the machines at PSI and TRIUMF, for example, have just enough energy for neutron and muon production. Linear accelerators (linacs for short) with and without an accumulator ring and rapid cycling synchrotrons (RCS) usually produce beams of a few GeV to produce neutrons most efficiently. ISIS, SNS, the J-Parc RCS and ESS (under construction in Sweden) belong to this category. When protons with energies higher than a few GeV are required for the production of kaons and neutrinos through pions, slow cycling synchrotrons are the only option. BNL-AGS, CERN-PS and J-Parc MR are examples.Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient (FFAG) accelerators were invented in 1950s and developed over the following years, initially as accelerators for energy frontier physics [1,2]. At the same time, an alternating-gradient synchrotron had been developed and its more compact magnets relative to the FFAGs became a big advantage when looking to increase beam energy, so the objectives of the FFAG accelerator development faded out. Although there were remained pockets of interests on FFAG accelerators, for instance [3][4][5][6][7], little development beyond paper studies took place until the late 1990's when the * shinji.machida@stfc.ac.uk idea of a neutrino factory called for an accelerator that could rapidly accelerate muons before they had time to decay [8][9][10].When FFAGs were invented, it was realized that an important advantage over oth...

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Electron Model Fixed Field Alternating Gradient Accelerator

Cited by 40 publications

References 3 publications

High average current betatrons for industrial and security applications

High average current betatrons for industrial and security applications

Quasi-continuously operating inductive accelerators

Scaling Fixed-Field Alternating-Gradient Accelerators with Reverse Bend and Spiral Edge Angle

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