Electron-scale measurements of magnetic reconnection in space

Burch, J. L.; Torbert, R. B.; Phan, T. D.; Chen, Li‐Jen; Moore, T. E.; Ergun, R. E.; Eastwood, J. P.; Gershman, D. J.; Cassak, P. A.; Argall, M. R.; Wang, S.; Hesse, Michael; Pollock, C. J.; Giles, B. L.; Nakamura, R.; Mauk, B. H.; Fuselier, S. A.; Russell, C. T.; Strangeway, R. J.; Drake, J. F.; Shay, M. A.; Khotyaintsev, Yu. V.; Lindqvist, Per‐Arne; Marklund, Göran; Wilder, F. D.; Young, D. T.; Torkar, K.; Goldstein, J.; Dorelli, J.; Avanov, L. A.; Oka, M.; Baker, D. N.; Jaynes, A. N.; Goodrich, K.; Cohen, I. J.; Turner, D. L.; Fennell, J. F.; Blake, J. B.; Clemmons, J. H.; Goldman, M. V.; Newman, D. L.; Petrinec, S. M.; Trattner, K. J.; Lavraud, B.; Reiff, P. H.; Baumjohann, W.; Magnes, W.; Steller, M.; Lewis, W. S.; Saito, Y.; Coffey, V. N.; Chandler, M. O.

doi:10.1126/science.aaf2939

Cited by 623 publications

(902 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The use of small satellites with commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) instruments on board opens the possibility of having large, cost-effective constellations, making it possible to study both large structures that are visible at magnetosphere scales and small structures such as magnetic reconnection that are close to the electron scales (Burch et al, 2016).…”

Section: Ulf Waves In the Magnetospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a low-cost magneto-inductive magnetometer for space science applications

Regoli¹,

Moldwin²,

Pellioni³

et al. 2018

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract.A new sensor for measuring low-amplitude magnetic fields that is ideal for small spacecraft is presented. The novel measurement principle enables the fabrication of a low-cost sensor with low power consumption and with measuring capabilities that are comparable to recent developments for CubeSat applications. The current magnetometer, a software-modified version of a commercial sensor, is capable of detecting fields with amplitudes as low as 8.7 nT at 40 Hz and 2.7 nT at 1 Hz, with a noise floor of 4 pT/ √ Hz at 1 Hz. The sensor has a linear response to less than 3 % over a range of ±100 000 nT. All of these features make the magneto-inductive principle a promising technology for the development of magnetic sensors for both space-borne and ground-based applications to study geomagnetic activity.

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Section: Ulf Waves In the Magnetospherementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a low-cost magneto-inductive magnetometer for space science applications

Regoli¹,

Moldwin²,

Pellioni³

et al. 2018

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The yellow background highlights the 1 h interval during which the magnetosphere should be formed (Janhunen, 1996;Raeder et al, 2009). ulations. The IMF B Z component is varied between −5 and 5 nT, values typically observed in the solar wind (Dimmock et al, 2014). The first stepwise-varying initialisation starts from the B Z maximum, while the second one uses the minimum as a starting point.…”

Section: Initialisation Sequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several overlapping and multi-spacecraft missions, such as Cluster (Escoubet et al, 2001) and MMS (Burch et al, 2016), are operational today, offering statistically global coverage via their conjunction. However, it is not feasible to use these for real-time space weather prediction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact on global magnetohydrodynamic simulations from varying initialisation methods: results from GUMICS-4

et al. 2017

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Abstract. We investigate the effects of different initialisation methods of the GUMICS-4 global magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation to the dynamics in different parts of the Earth's magnetosphere and hence compare five 12 h simulation runs that were initiated by 3 h of synthetic data and followed by 9 h of solar wind measurements using the OMNI data as input. As a reference, we use a simulation run that includes nearly 60 h of OMNI data as input prior to the 9 h interval examined with different initialisations. The selected interval is a high-speed stream event during a 10-day interval (12-22 June 2007). The synthetic initialisations include stepwise, linear and sinusoidal functions of the interplanetary magnetic field with constant density and velocity values. The results show that the solutions converge within 1 h to give a good agreement in both the bow shock and the magnetopause position. However, the different initialisation methods lead to local differences which should be taken into consideration when comparing model results to satellite measurements.

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“…The crescent-shaped ion VDFs have been associated with various finite Larmor radius effects (e.g., Lee et al, 2004;Marcucci et al, 2004;. Recently, crescentshaped VDFs were observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission for electrons close to the dayside magnetopause (Burch et al, 2016) and were associated to meandering electron orbits near magnetic field reversal in the 20 reconnection sites (Bessho et al, 2016;Lapenta et al, 2017). Egedal et al (2016) proposed a two-dimensional theoretical model for the formation of crescent-shaped electron VDFs in asymmetric magnetic reconnection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions formed at the edges of plasma jets interacting with a tangential discontinuity

Voitcu¹,

Echim²

2018

Preprint

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Abstract. In this paper we discuss numerical simulations that illustrate a physical mechanism leading to the formation of crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions at the edges of a high-speed plasma jet impacting on a thin, steep and impenetrable tangential discontinuity with no magnetic shear. We use three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations to compute the velocity distribution function of electrons in different areas of the plasma jet and at different phases of the 10 interaction with the discontinuity. The simulation setup corresponds to an idealised, yet relevant, magnetic configuration likely to be observed at the frontside magnetopause under northward interplanetary magnetic field. The combined effect of the gradient-B drift and the remote sensing of large Larmor radius electrons leads to the formation of crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions. We provide examples of such distributions "measured" by a virtual satellite launched into the simulation domain. 15

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Electron-scale measurements of magnetic reconnection in space

Cited by 623 publications

References 29 publications

Investigation of a low-cost magneto-inductive magnetometer for space science applications

Investigation of a low-cost magneto-inductive magnetometer for space science applications

The impact on global magnetohydrodynamic simulations from varying initialisation methods: results from GUMICS-4

Crescent-shaped electron velocity distribution functions formed at the edges of plasma jets interacting with a tangential discontinuity

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