We demonstrate the potential of sulfur passivation to improve the interface characteristics between germanium (Ge) and Y 2 O 3 high-k gate dielectric. Effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) passivation of the Ge surface on the charge trapping and reliability properties of Y 2 O 3 /Ge gate stacks are studied in detail and the results are compared. Sulfur passivation of the Ge surface has been performed using both the wet sulfidation technique with aqueous ammonium sulfide and plasma sulfidation with H 2 S gas. N-passivation of Ge substrates has been performed in NO plasma for comparison. Ultrathin (∼15 nm) Y 2 O 3 films are deposited on both the N-and S-passivated p-Ge (1 0 0) wafers. Y 2 O 3 films on the S-passivated Ge surface show low fixed oxide charge and interface state density than what is achieved with N-passivation. The electrical characterization results of MOS capacitors with Y 2 O 3 films reveal the potential of S-passivation for the fabrication of Y 2 O 3 /Ge gate stacks for Ge MOSFETs.