Electron Spin Resonance Experiments on Donors in Silicon. II. Electron Spin Relaxation Effects

Fehér, G.; Gere, E. A.

doi:10.1103/physrev.114.1245

Cited by 344 publications

(341 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…This allows us take averages over the bath states using Eq. (8). Note that the statement "Gaussian" noise refers specifically to the distribution of noise amplitudes, that is not necessarily related to the spectrum of fluctuations (see below).…”

Section: Finite Frequency Phase Fluctuations and Coherence Decay In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The n-th moment ω nS (ω)dω can be calculated exactly using the invariance of the trace. 8 Consider the zeroth-moment,…”

Section: Mean Field Theory Of Noise Broadening: Quasiparticle Lifetimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T 1 is the 1/e decay time for the spin magnetization along the external magnetic field direction. As an example, T 1 of a phosphorus donor impurity in silicon is of the order of a thousand seconds at low temperatures and moderate magnetic fields (T = 4 K and B = 0.3 T) [8]. These long T 1 's are explained by noting that the spin-orbit interaction produces a small admixture of spin up/down states; the electron-phonon interaction couples these admixtures leading to 1 T1 ∝ B 5 at low temperatures [9,10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron Spin as a Spectrometer of Nuclear-Spin Noise and Other Fluctuations

Sousa

2009

Topics in Applied Physics

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Section: Finite Frequency Phase Fluctuations and Coherence Decay In Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The n-th moment ω nS (ω)dω can be calculated exactly using the invariance of the trace. 8 Consider the zeroth-moment,…”

Section: Mean Field Theory Of Noise Broadening: Quasiparticle Lifetimesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electron Spin as a Spectrometer of Nuclear-Spin Noise and Other Fluctuations

Sousa

2009

Topics in Applied Physics

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“…Particularly, in bulk P-doped Si (Si:P), a remarkably long T 1 was measured (E3,000 s at T ¼ 1.3 K and B ¼ 320 mT) in ref. 4. Recent results have demonstrated high-fidelity electron spin readout of a single implanted P donor in silicon with T 1 ¼ 6 s at T ¼ 100 mK and B ¼ 1.5 T (ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S ilicon is an attractive material to host spin qubits because of its low spin-orbit coupling and natural abundance of zero nuclear spin isotopes, leading to long decoherence (T 2 ) (refs 1-3) and relaxation times (T 1 ) (refs [4][5][6]. Particularly, in bulk P-doped Si (Si:P), a remarkably long T 1 was measured (E3,000 s at T ¼ 1.3 K and B ¼ 320 mT) in ref.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Spin readout and addressability of phosphorus-donor clusters in silicon

et al. 2013

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The spin states of an electron bound to a single phosphorus donor in silicon show remarkably long coherence and relaxation times, which makes them promising building blocks for the realization of a solid-state quantum computer. Here we demonstrate, by high-fidelity (93%) electrical spin readout, that a long relaxation time T 1 of about 2 s, at B ¼ 1.2 T and TE100 mK, is also characteristic of electronic spin states associated with a cluster of few phosphorus donors, suggesting their suitability as hosts for spin qubits. Owing to the difference in the hyperfine coupling, electronic spin transitions of such clusters can be sufficiently distinct from those of a single phosphorus donor. Our atomistic tight-binding calculations reveal that when neighbouring qubits are hosted by a single phosphorus atom and a cluster of two phosphorus donors, the difference in their electron spin resonance frequencies allows qubit rotations with error rates E10 À 4 . These results provide a new approach to achieving individual qubit addressability.

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Electron‐Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) Spectroscopy

Telser

2005

Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry

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Electron‐nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a magnetic resonance technique that was invented in the mid 1950s by George Feher, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories. The first applications of ENDOR were to problems in solid state physics, but beginning in the 1970s, and particularly since the late 1980s, ENDOR has been widely applied to bioinorganic systems. ENDOR is fundamentally an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) technique, however, it also has aspects of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Essentially, ENDOR consists of the monitoring of an EPR signal, while effecting NMR transitions. The EPR signal can be either a continuous wave (CW) signal or a pulsed, electron spin echo (ESE) signal, in both cases caused by the application of microwave energy to a sample in an external magnetic field. As with EPR itself, ENDOR can thus be either a CW or pulsed (time‐domain) spectroscopic technique. The NMR transitions are caused by the application of radiofrequency (rf) energy, as with NMR itself. NMR transitions only of nuclei magnetically (hyperfine) coupled to the paramagnetic center (i.e., the center giving rise to the EPR signal) affect the intensity of this EPR signal, whether CW or pulsed, and provide characteristic ENDOR spectra. As a consequence of its double resonance nature, ENDOR has a great deal of flexibility in spectroscopic parameters. The parameters that affect EPR signals, e.g., microwave power, can also play a role in ENDOR spectral appearance. Additionally, there are parameters relevant to the NMR aspects of ENDOR that affect ENDOR spectra. In both CW and pulsed ENDOR there is experimental flexibility, which is described here. As a result, ENDOR spectroscopy can provide detailed information on multiple, magnetically active nuclei that comprise a paramagnetic center in a bioinorganic system. This information includes identification of such nuclei and metrical information on their relation to the paramagnetic center. This article uses a multifaceted case study to illustrate the application of ENDOR spectroscopy in bioinorganic chemistry. Specifically, the case study describes the application of multinuclear ( 1, 2 H, 13 C, 57 Fe, 95 Mo) CW and pulsed ENDOR to enhance our understanding of the iron–molybdenum cofactor in nitrogenase. ENDOR allows identification of the constituent metal ions and their formal oxidation states, and identifies the nature of the substrate analog or inhibitor binding to the cluster. In combination with resting state structural information, and computational and model system studies, ENDOR can provide a structural picture of the intermediates in nitrogen fixation.

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Electron Spin Resonance Experiments on Donors in Silicon. II. Electron Spin Relaxation Effects

Cited by 344 publications

References 31 publications

Electron Spin as a Spectrometer of Nuclear-Spin Noise and Other Fluctuations

Electron Spin as a Spectrometer of Nuclear-Spin Noise and Other Fluctuations

Spin readout and addressability of phosphorus-donor clusters in silicon

Electron‐Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) Spectroscopy

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