Electron structure of endohedrally confined atoms: atomic hydrogen in an attractive shell

Abstract

The properties of hydrogen confined endohedrally at the geometrical centre of a spherical, attractive short-range potential shell are explored. The evolution of the energy spectrum, as a function of the depth of the shell, is found to exhibit unusual level crossings and degeneracies resulting in avoided crossings and a new phenomenon of 'mirror collapse' where the localized states switch places. In addition, a new level ordering, principally by the number of nodes in the radial wavefunction, develops. The results apply generally to endohedrally confined atoms. Further, they suggest a new tool for controlling the properties of atoms.

Double Photoionization of Endohedrally Confined Atoms

“…In fact, the energetic structure of these molecules as a function of the magnitude of the cage potential U 0 presents a manifold of avoided crossing between states, even within this two-electron model [17,18]. Similar results were found for endohedrally embedded hydrogen [19]. For the sake of simplicity, we choose to analyze the crossing between the ground and first excited states.…”

Ground-state properties of a confined simple atom by C60fullerene

“…For having the unique function with respect to U 0 , we calculated the radial ground state wave function by creating the same results as in Ref. [15] for several values of U 0 and then we found the best fit with some constants depending to U 0 value. Our trial wave function for every U 0 value is…”

Problem with classical stability of U(1) gauged Q-balls

“…However, this is not so for the case d > 1. For example, for d = 3 the translational modes ∂ i f form the 2p level and it is possible that this level is energetically higher than, say, 1s and 2s levels (for an example of such situation in atomic physics, see [25]). However, the restriction on the number of eigenstates of L + with negative eigenvalues seems to be fulfilled at least for the simple scalar field potentials which are usually considered for Q-balls.…”