Electron transfer principles in amperometric biosensors: direct electron transfer between enzymes and electrode surface

Parameters Important in Fabricating Enzyme Electrodes Using Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiols

“…If microperoxidase MP-11 (a catalytically active fragment of cytochrome c) is attached to the electrode rather than the much larger HRP a rate of electron transfer of 4.0 s -1 was observed. The higher rate of electron transfer with the smaller peroxidase enzymes is consistent with the observations of Lotzbeyer et al, 19 who used a similar method of fabricating the electrode. However, despite this higher rate of electron transfer for the MP-11 modified electrode, the HRP biosensor gave a more reproducible and higher current response for a given concentration of hydrogen peroxide (Fig.…”

“…Using SAMs has the potential to provide enzyme electrodes with a high degree of reproducibility, 1,2 molecular level control over the spatial distribution of the immobilized enzymes [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and the immobilization of the enzyme close to the electrode thus allowing direct electron transfer to be achieved. [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] These advantages have resulted in a recent surge in research into self-assembled monolayers for biosensor applications in general, and enzyme electrodes in particular. [25][26][27] However, despite the plethora of biosensor research papers using self-assembled monolayers as the base onto which the biomolecule is immobilized, there has been very little fundamental research into what steps are important in the fabrication process or which parameters control the response of the resultant biosensor.…”

Direct Electron Transfer of Glucose Oxidase Molecules Adsorbed onto Carbon Nanotube Powder Microelectrode

“…[1][2][3] It is of great importance for studying the electron transfer of biological macromolecules at a bionics interface, and then investigating the bio-reaction by modelling the intra-biomolecular and inter-biomolecular (for example, protein to protein) efficient, selective electron transfer, which can help us to understand the material metaboly and energy transform in the life process.…”

Enhancement of the Protein Loading Density by a Pre-Cleaning Process of a Gold Substrate: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopic Study

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] They not only provide a high degree of reproducibility, 9,10 but also make it possible to immobilize proteins close to the surface of an electrode for the purpose of obtaining a direct electron transfer. [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] When the protein immobilization process using SAMs is practically applied to a biosensor, the density of loaded proteins should be greatly enhanced to improve its detection sensitivity. It was known that the ratio of alcohol-terminated (-OH) thiol to carboxylic acid-terminated (-COOH) thiol has an important effect on the loading density of the immobilized proteins.…”