Electronic and Magnetic Diversity of Graphone/Graphene Superlattices

Abstract

The versatility and complexity of graphone/graphene superlattices are investigated. The graphone/graphene bilayer acts as the strong ferromagnetic semiconductor with Curie temperature higher than room temperature. For the graphone/graphene/graphone trilayer and graphone/bilayer graphene/graphone tetralayer, the antiferromagnetic coupling between the top and bottom layers is found. The inner graphene layer transforms into an antiferromagnetic semiconductor state without any structure distortion due to the strong magnetic proximity effects and interlayer coupling. The strong magnetic proximity effects are comparable to effective 104 T magnetic fields. As the thickness of the graphene layers is increased, the magnetic exchange coupling between top and bottom graphone layers is weakened. The twisting and Moiré pattern effects will enhance and weaken the antiferromagnetic coupling between the vertical graphone layers, respectively. Both twisting and Moiré pattern effects will turn the H-functionalized graphene layers into metallic magnets. In addition, the magnetic exchange coupling between graphone/graphene superlattices and 3d/5d transition-metal atoms is ferrimagnetic but only graphone/graphene/Fe exhibits the strong ferromagnetic exchange coupling.

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“…[4][5][6][7] In the previous several decades, nanomaterials-based technologies have achieved great importance and have been extensively used in many applications such as in food technology, industrial machinery, catalysis, electronic transportation, data storage, and energy applications. [135][136][137][138][139][140][141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152] Devices based on nanoscale techniques are the backbone of many applications such as medical diagnostics and treatment, national defense, security systems, and sensing devices. [8][9][10][11] Semiconductor-based nanomaterials, e.g., ZnO, SnO 2 , ZnS, and TiO 2 acquired great consideration owing to their fascinating nanosize effects on their physical as well as chemical characteristics.…”