Electronic Biosensors Based on III-Nitride Semiconductors

Abstract

We review recent advances of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT)-based electronic biosensors. We discuss properties and fabrication of III-nitride-based biosensors. Because of their superior biocompatibility and aqueous stability, GaN-based devices are ready to be implemented as next-generation biosensors. We review surface properties, cleaning, and passivation as well as different pathways toward functionalization, and critically analyze III-nitride-based biosensors demonstrated in the literature, including those detecting DNA, bacteria, cancer antibodies, and toxins. We also discuss the high potential of these biosensors for monitoring living cardiac, fibroblast, and nerve cells. Finally, we report on current developments of covalent chemical functionalization of III-nitride devices. Our review concludes with a short outlook on future challenges and projected implementation directions of GaN-based HEMT biosensors.

Investigation of native oxide removing from HCPA ALD grown GaN thin films surface utilizing HF solutions

“…2, another N1s peak is centered at 397.7 eV, which corresponds to the nitride oxidation state [32]. Peak at 395.7 eV correspond to Ga Auger peaks [33].…”

Surface‐Polarity‐Induced Spatial Charge Separation Boosts Photocatalytic Overall Water Splitting on GaN Nanorod Arrays

“…Usually,t he surface with polarity is highly sophisticated, making it ac hallenge to study the effect of this property. Gallium nitride (GaN) is at ypical non-centrosymmetric III-Vs emiconductor and can serve as am odel material with definite surface polarity.Ithas been widely used in optoelectronic devices such as light-emitting diodes, [14] laser diodes, [15] photodetectors, [16] and sensors, [17] as well as artificial photosynthetic systems. [18] Herein uniform GaN nanorod arrays exposing polar and nonpolar surfaces were prepared to study how the photogenerated charges separate and distribute on the surface of semiconductors.U sing in situ photochemical probing methods,w ee xperimentally uncovered that photogenerated electrons and holes accumulated, respectively on the non-polar and polar surfaces of the GaN nanorod arrays.T he charge separation efficiencyw as evidently enhanced from around 8%to more than 80 %through the co-exposure of the polar and nonpolar surfaces.The underlying driving force for the charge separation is speculated to be the different dipole moments on the polar and nonpolar surfaces that induces different surface band bending.…”

Ultrasensitive Bioaffinity Electrochemical Sensors: Advances and New Perspectives

“…In a biosensor the recognition element (enzymes, proteins, antibodies, nucleic acids, cells, tissues or receptors) interact with the specific analyte of interest to produce an effect measurable signal which is related to the concentration of the analyte being studied. Among various biotransducer such as optical [3], electronic [4], piezoelectric [5] and gravimetric [6], electrochemical biosensors gained significant attention for detection of biomolecules due to their inherent simplicity, high sensitivity, miniaturization, cost efficiency and fast response. High specificity for the molecular recognition is a key factor of the bioreceptor.…”