Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens

Xu, Fangxi; Pushalkar, Smruti; Lin, Ziyan; Thomas, Scott C.; Persaud, Julia Kishanie; Sierra, Maria A.; Vardhan, Mridula; Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Nogueira de; Akapo, Adenike; Guo, Yuqi; Gordon, Terry; Corby, Patricia; Kamer, Angela R.; Li, Xin; Saxena, Deepak

doi:10.1111/omi.12361

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…While tobacco smokers reported changes in taste, e-cigarette users did not. Reporting gingival inflammation with use of tobacco and e-cigarettes agrees with prior studies showing this association [ 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Smoking masks gingival inflammation by reducing gingival bleeding due to the vaso-constrictive effects of nicotine and lower hemorrhagic responsiveness in smokers [ 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differences in Oral Lesions Associated with Tobacco Smoking, E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Infection among Adolescents and Young People in Nigeria

Alade

Foláyan

Adeniyi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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COVID-19 infection is associated with oral lesions which may be exacerbated by tobacco smoking or e-cigarette use. This study assessed the oral lesions associated with the use of e-cigarettes, tobacco smoking, and COVID-19 among adolescents and young people in Nigeria. A national survey recruited 11–23-year-old participants from the 36 States of Nigeria and the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Data were collected using Survey Monkey®. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted. Statistical significance was set at p-value less than 0.05. There were 2870 participants, of which 386 (13.4%) were tobacco smokers, 167 (5.8%) e-cigarette users, and 401 (14.0%) were both e-cigarette and tobacco users; and 344 (12.0%) had ever tested positive to COVID-19. Adolescents and young people who smoked tobacco had more than twice the odds of reporting gingival inflammation, oral ulcers, dry mouth, and changes in taste than those who did not smoke. Those who used e-cigarettes had 1.5 times higher odds of reporting oral lesions. Respondents who had COVID-19 infection had higher odds of reporting gingival inflammation and lower odds of reporting dry mouth than those who did not have COVID-19 infection. These findings were significant, and may help clinicians to screen for tobacco use and COVID-19 among adolescents and young people in Nigeria.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Differences in Oral Lesions Associated with Tobacco Smoking, E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Infection among Adolescents and Young People in Nigeria

Alade

Foláyan

Adeniyi

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…Other studies have evaluated the impact of vaping on the management of periodontal disease compared with conventional cigarette smokers and non-smokers. Results of the studies focusing on changes in clinical periodontal parameters, inflammatory mediators and periodontopathic microflora suggest the following three mechanisms regarding how vaping affects the periodontium: impaired immune and inflammatory response, a shift in micro flora favoring periodontal pathogens, and subsequent changes in the healing capacity of soft tissue [ 24 , 39 , 44 ]. These mechanisms are similar to the deleterious effects of conventional smoking.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…suggest the following three mechanisms regarding how vaping affects the periodontium: impaired immune and inflammatory response, a shift in micro flora favoring periodontal pathogens, and subsequent changes in the healing capacity of soft tissue [24,39,44]. These mechanisms are similar to the deleterious effects of conventional smoking.…”

Section: Plos Global Public Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 2 summarizes studies that evaluated how vaping affects periodontal bacterial composition in subgingival plaque samples when compared to samples collected from cigarette smokers and non-smokers. In two studies, along with alteration in microbial composition, authors evaluated the adverse effects on the levels of inflammatory biomarkers [38,39]. Among these studies, Thomas et al (2022) reported that most severe cases of periodontitis in conventional smoker group, mild cases in non-smoker group and presence of balanced number of all type of cases in vapers [40].…”

Section: Microbiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of e-cigarette smoking on periodontal health: A scoping review

Charde,

Ali,

Hamdan

2024

PLOS Glob Public Health

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Objectives Use of electronic cigarettes (ECs), also known as vaping, has gained remarkable popularity globally during the last decade especially among young people. Current evidence suggests that vaping may be associated with health risks. The aim of this study is to evaluate whether vaping increases the risk for initiation and progression of periodontal disease; and to appraise the clinical changes seen in patients using e-cigarettes, and how these changes impact the management of periodontal disease. Study selection, data and sources A comprehensive electronic search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases using the following search terms: Electronic Cigarettes OR vaping OR electronic nicotine delivery systems OR e-cigarettes AND Periodontitis. The search was limited to studies published from 1st January 2012 to 31st December 2022. Results A total of 23 clinical studies focusing on the effect of e-cigarette smoking on the periodontal clinical parameters, levels of inflammatory mediators, alteration in periodontal microflora, and response to periodontal treatment were found to be eligible for inclusion in the review. Vaping may be associated with greater clinical attachment loss (CAL) compared to non-smokers. Moreover, ECs are also associated with unfavorable effects on periodontal microbial counts, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. Conclusions Vaping may play a role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease by altering the host response resulting in the release of inflammatory cytokines and periodontal microflora. Clinical studies show deleterious effects of vaping on periodontal health as well as less favourable response to periodontal treatment is observed in e–cigarette users compared to non-smokers. However, compared to cigarette smoking, the effects of vaping are less remarkable.

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“…The study reported that, over time, EC smoking may change the bacterial makeup of saliva in a manner similar to that of cigarette smoking, which could increase the relative abundance of pathogens linked to periodontal disease. EC use has also been linked with increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), exacerbating disease states [ 71 ]. Mohajeri et al also reported on the relationship between EC usage and periodontal health among the US adult population.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unveiling the Impact of Electronic Cigarettes (EC) on Health: An Evidence-Based Review of EC as an Alternative to Combustible Cigarettes

Khanagar,

AlBalawi,

Alshehri

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Cigarette smoking has been considered a major public health concern due to its serious impact on health. However, smokers intending to quit may find long-term abstinence challenging. When smoking an electronic cigarette (EC), users can experience a sensation and taste similar to that of smoking a combustible cigarette. Therefore, manufacturers promote these products as a viable substitute for combustible cigarettes. However, several researchers report the serious health impacts experienced by EC users. Therefore, this review aims to examine the health impacts of EC use. Based on the findings of the research papers reported in the literature, the role of EC as a smoking cessation tool is unclear. Several researchers have also reported a significant association between EC usage among non-smokers at baseline and the future initiation of combustible cigarette smoking. EC use significantly impacts user health. The nicotine that is present in EC e-liquids can elevate blood pressure, resulting in blood vessel constriction and an increase in heart rate, ultimately leading the body to an ischemic condition, resulting in myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and increased arterial stiffness. Researchers report a higher likelihood of prediabetes among EC users; its usage was associated with higher OR of having asthma attacks and higher OR of reporting depression and has an impact on birth outcomes among pregnant women. Men using EC are more likely to report erectile dysfunction than non-users. EC also has a significant impact on oral health, which includes periodontal diseases, mucosal lesions, irritation in the mouth and throat, reduced salivary flow, and an increased risk of developing cancer. The physical injury resulting from exploding EC is another health concern. The frequently burned areas included the hands, face, genitalia, and thighs. Marketers promote EC as an alternative to combustible cigarettes and a tool for quitting smoking. However, the Food and Drug Administration has not approved them for smoking cessation. EC can have a serious impact on the health of their users; hence, the findings of this paper have several implications, including the need for regulation of the sales and marketing of these products and educating the users on the impact of these products on their health and safety.

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Electronic cigarette use enriches periodontal pathogens

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Differences in Oral Lesions Associated with Tobacco Smoking, E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Infection among Adolescents and Young People in Nigeria

Differences in Oral Lesions Associated with Tobacco Smoking, E-Cigarette Use and COVID-19 Infection among Adolescents and Young People in Nigeria

Effects of e-cigarette smoking on periodontal health: A scoping review

Unveiling the Impact of Electronic Cigarettes (EC) on Health: An Evidence-Based Review of EC as an Alternative to Combustible Cigarettes

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