Electronic Cigarettes: The New Face of Nicotine

Abstract

A rugged actor with a prematurely lined face and raspy voice expounds on the virtues of regaining our freedom. A flaxen-haired actress waxes poetic on the sex appeal of puffing up in a bar. These are not images pulled from the archives of the golden age of television, when advertising tobacco products on the airwaves was unregulated, but rather from a new, and relatively unregulated, chapter in the saga of nicotine-containing products: electronic cigarettes.1 Electronic cigarettes, or "e-cigarettes," have been on the market since 2007 and are catapulting into the mainstream. As their popularity skyrockets, however, so too does the need for product and marketing regulations at the federal level and sales restrictions to minors at the state and local levels.

Randomized comparative efficacy study of parent-mediated interventions for toddlers with autism.

“…No differences were observed on parent or child outcomes, but it warrants noting that the children in the Rogers study were 12 months younger on average than the children in the current study. However in a similar age range (16 to 20 months), Wetherby et al (2014) noted significant improvement in social communication and receptive language scores for children who received parent coaching versus parent education over nine months. Thus dose and length of intervention may be significant factors in increasing outcomes for children less than two years.…”

“…For example, experimental low intensity, three-month, short-term parent-mediated interventions for very young children who are at risk for ASD have not demonstrated significantly greater change in parent and child outcomes relative to community-based, treatment-as-usual interventions (Carter et al, 2011; Rogers et al, 2012). Longer -term interventions of nine months have shown greater effects for children who begin intervention before age two years (Wetherby et al, 2014). However, for older children with confirmed diagnoses of ASD, these same types of interventions of 12–24 sessions over 3 to 6 months have improved parent responsiveness and child outcomes to a significantly greater extent when compared to treatment-as-usual community groups (Green et al, 2010; Kasari, Gulsrud, Wong, Kwon, & Locke, 2010) or an alternative treatment (Kasari et al, 2014).…”

Content Analysis of Trends in Print Magazine Tobacco Advertisements

“…8,25 This sheer magnitude of advertising, particularly for e-cigarettes may potentially (1) initiate new users among those who have never smoked or used e-cigarettes before; (2) initiate e-cigarette use among former smokers, who eventually relapse back to conventional cigarettes; and (3) encourage “dual use” among current cigarette users to use e-cigarettes in areas where smoking is not permitted, and maintaining nicotine addiction. 8,41 E-cigarettes are growing in popularity, as evidenced by substantial increases in electronic search queries, 42 product awareness, 43 exposure to print and television e-cigarette ads, 13 perceptions of e-cigarettes as being less harmful than conventional cigarettes, 44 and in motivating initiation, trial/experimentation and use of e-cigarettes. 3,6,45 In an effort to maintain tobacco cessation efforts and advances in tobacco use reduction, more research examining the influence of such advertising on people’s perception or use of e-cigarettes (and other tobacco products) is warranted.…”

“…10–12 The potential for such marketing trends to undermine smoking prevention and cessation efforts, 10,13–15 particularly for youth and young adults cannot be overlooked. Increasing number of studies demonstrate strong link between tobacco marketing and youth smoking experimentation and use.…”

Mitigating the Effects of Family Poverty on Early Child Development through Parenting Interventions in Primary Care

“…These policies should also provide support for development of infrastructure needed for program dissemination as well as for development of processes necessary for full integration of preventive interventions into the health care system. Recommendations by the American Academy of Pediatrics and Bright Futures for provision of preventive services related to school readiness disparities 62 should be supported through policies that require that such services be funded as a basic component of pediatric primary care.…”