Electronic Circuits

Tietze, Ulrich; Schenk, Christoph; Gamm, Eberhard

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-78655-9

Cited by 76 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The formula (8) shows that the limitation in the output voltage U R L occurs when the output voltage of the op amp reaches the maximum value U om , that is,…”

Section: Output Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is actually a differential amplifier, which senses both input signal and feedback differentially. There are two basic electronic circuits of VCCS for a grounded load: (1) the basic Howland current pump, presented in [1][2][3][4][5][6], and (2) the 'improved' Howland current pump, presented in [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. The 'basic Howland current pump' was invented by B. Howland in MIT at 1962.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, the condition of the output current independence from the variation of the load resistance (or the output voltage) can be achieved easier from practical point of view. The improved Howland current pump has two basic circuit variants: (1) structure with one op amp and five resistors [7], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14] and (2) structure using one op amp and six resistors [8], forming the positive and negative feedback. In comparison with the circuit having five resistors, the basic advantages of the structure using six resistors are as follows:…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis and design of voltage‐controlled current sources for a grounded load

Пандиев

2013

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SUMMARYThe paper presents the structure and the principle of operation of the 'improved' Howland current pumps (or voltage-controlled current sources (VCCSs) for a grounded load). In particular, under review is the VCCS employing power operational amplifier (op amp) and the VCCS using low power op amp and an additional power transistor, extending working dynamic range. On the basis of analysis of the operational principle, the equations for transfer functions of both circuits and formulas for the related dynamic electrical parameters are obtained. Moreover, using these formulas, a design procedure is developed, and recommendations for simulation modelling are given. The efficiency of the proposed procedure is verified by simulation modelling and experimental testing of sample electronic circuits of VCCSs.

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“…The formula (8) shows that the limitation in the output voltage U R L occurs when the output voltage of the op amp reaches the maximum value U om , that is,…”

Section: Output Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis and design of voltage‐controlled current sources for a grounded load

Пандиев

2013

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…Described display consists of 16-dot (4x4) LED matrix, but by increasing number of diodes it is possible to get an image with higher resolution. For example, the use of 35-dot (5x7) matrix display allows an approximate representation of virtually all conceivable characters [6]. If a large number of LEDs is involved in a matrix display, they are also electrically connected like …”

Section: Interactive Operation Of Displaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Woven Light Emitting Display

Parkova

2014

Materials Science. Textile and Clothing Technology

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Abstract. Electrotextiles represent a huge potential in creating a new generation of flexible textile platforms for electronic systems and smart garments. In this research of electrotextile fabrication weaving method was used. Fully or partly replacing traditional (non-conductive) textile yarns with conductive textile yarns, it is possible to get woven conductive textile material or fabric circuit. In the paper weaving method is considered for electro textile design and process of flexible textile light-emitting display fabrication is described. Fabric with interwoven conductive yarns to which light-emitting diodes (LEDs) were attached was designed. This technology is not only limited to light illuminated displays but can also be used to build other smart textile constructions like sensors, conductive textile traces etc.

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“…We used a slightly modified Howland current source, which was proposed by Tietze and Schenk (2008). This circuit (see figure 5) acts as a grounded commanded current source using only one operational amplifier and 6 precision resistors for the implementation.…”

Section: Central Current Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Electrical impedance tomography system based on active electrodes

et al. 2012

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Abstract. EIT can image the distribution of ventilated lung tissue, and is thus a promising technology to help monitor patient breathing to help selection of mechanical ventilation parameters. Two key difficulties in EIT instrumentation make such monitoring difficult: 1) EIT data quality depends on good electrode contact and is sensitive to changes in contact quality, and 2) EIT electrodes are difficult and time consuming to place on patients. This paper presents the design and initial tests of an active electrode based system to address these difficulties. Our active electrode EIT system incorporates an active electrode belt, a central voltage driven current source, central ADCs and DACs, a central FPGA based demodulator and controller. The electrode belt is designed incorporating 32 active electrodes, each of which contains the electronic amplifiers, switches and associated logic. Tests show stable device performance with a convenient ease of use and good imaging ability in volunteer tests.

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Electronic Circuits

Cited by 76 publications

References 0 publications

Analysis and design of voltage‐controlled current sources for a grounded load

Analysis and design of voltage‐controlled current sources for a grounded load

Woven Light Emitting Display

Electrical impedance tomography system based on active electrodes

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