Electronic impact of concentrated interstitial carbon on physical properties of AISI-316 austenitic stainless steel

Ren, Zhe; Ernst, F.

doi:10.1016/j.actamat.2019.04.039

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The interfacial contact resistance, measured for active screen plasma nitrided AISI 316 samples, also showed a significant reduction, in comparison with untreated alloy, and it decreased as the nitriding temperature was increased from 370 to 450 • C [245]. On the contrary, studies performed on foils of AISI 316, carburized in order to obtain uniform C concentration, have registered a decrease of electrical conductivity, if compared to that of untreated stainless steel [191]. Taking into account Hall-effect measurements, it has been hypothesized that this reduced conductivity has to be ascribed not to a reduced electron mobility, but to a reduction of conduction electron concentration.…”

Section: Electric Properties Of the Modified Layersmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Elastic modulus, as derived from the linear portion of the stress-strain curve for AISI 316 foils carburized in order to have a uniform C content, was observed to increase as the C content was higher reaching 244 GPa, significantly higher than that of the untreated steel samples, in the range 140-170 GPa depending on thickness of the foils [191].…”

Section: Elastic Properties and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 94%

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From Austenitic Stainless Steel to Expanded Austenite-S Phase: Formation, Characteristics and Properties of an Elusive Metastable Phase

Borgioli

2020

Metals

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Austenitic stainless steels are employed in many industrial fields, due to their excellent corrosion resistance, easy formability and weldability. However, their low hardness, poor tribological properties and the possibility of localized corrosion in specific environments may limit their use. Conventional thermochemical surface treatments, such as nitriding or carburizing, are able to enhance surface hardness, but at the expense of corrosion resistance, owing to the formation of chromium-containing precipitates. An effective alternative is the so called low temperature treatments, which are performed with nitrogen- and/or carbon-containing media at temperatures, at which chromium mobility is low and the formation of precipitates is hindered. As a consequence, interstitial atoms are retained in solid solution in austenite, and a metastable supersaturated phase forms, named expanded austenite or S phase. Since the first studies, dating 1980s, the S phase has demonstrated to have high hardness and good corrosion resistance, but also other interesting properties and an elusive structure. In this review the main studies on the formation and characteristics of S phase are summarized and the results of the more recent research are also discussed. Together with mechanical, fatigue, tribological and corrosion resistance properties of this phase, electric and magnetic properties, wettability and biocompatibility are overviewed.

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Section: Electric Properties Of the Modified Layersmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Elastic Properties and Toughnessmentioning

confidence: 94%

From Austenitic Stainless Steel to Expanded Austenite-S Phase: Formation, Characteristics and Properties of an Elusive Metastable Phase

Borgioli

2020

Metals

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“…The formation of a covalent M-C bond is also supported by the Hall effect measurements on carburized SS316 foils, where the conduction electron concentration (N e ) was found to decrease with increasing concentration of interstitial carbon. 42 In light of the present ndings, the decreased N e of carburized SS316 should be attributed to the formation of covalent M-C bonds, where a portion of the mobile Fe electrons become localized in the covalent M-C bonds. For the fully carburized foil with an average atomic fraction of 0.1 interstitial carbon, the N e drops by 29%, 42 which approximates to the value of 33% obtained by theoretical analysis on covalent bonds.…”

Section: Effect Of Interstitial Carbon On Bond Strength Of An Alloy Smentioning

confidence: 58%

“…42 In light of the present ndings, the decreased N e of carburized SS316 should be attributed to the formation of covalent M-C bonds, where a portion of the mobile Fe electrons become localized in the covalent M-C bonds. For the fully carburized foil with an average atomic fraction of 0.1 interstitial carbon, the N e drops by 29%, 42 which approximates to the value of 33% obtained by theoretical analysis on covalent bonds. Detailed analysis is presented in the Supplementary Materials.…”

Section: Effect Of Interstitial Carbon On Bond Strength Of An Alloy Smentioning

confidence: 58%

“…As a result, both the electrical and thermal conductivities are decreased in the carburized alloy. 42 Additionally, XPS results on the carburized alloys, including both martensitic and austenitic steels, 8,43 show that the electron binding energy of Fe atoms for the sample with high interstitial carbon is higher than that of the sample without interstitial carbon, which can also be attributed to the formation of covalent M-C bonds.…”

Section: Effect Of Interstitial Carbon On Bond Strength Of An Alloy Smentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the Efficacy of Concentrated Interstitial Carbon in Enhancing the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel

Chien

Ren

et al. 2021

Preprint

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By introducing a high fraction of interstitial carbon through low temperature carburization, the pitting corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel can be significantly improved. Previous work attributed this enhancement to the improvement of passive film properties. However, we show here that interstitial carbon actually weakens the passive film on stainless steel. In fact, the enhancement in pitting resistance is a result of carbon reducing the metal dissolution rate in a local pit environment by many orders of magnitude, which extremely decreases the growth stability of a pit and prevents it from transitioning into stable growth. Electronic structure calculations show that carbon bonds to the metal atoms and that the metal–carbon bonds are 1.6 to 2.0 times stronger than the metal–metal bonds. Different from prior theories, we show that the significant increase of pitting resistance originates from the formation of covalent bonds between interstitial carbon and its neighboring metal atoms, resulting in a significantly reduced dissolution rate. This study indicates a new strategy for the design of corrosion resistant alloys, namely alloying with concentrated interstitials that form strong bonds with the matrix atoms.

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Numerical studies on the parameter effect and controlling method of the residual stress in the remanufactured 17CrNiMo6 heavy-duty gear by the laser cladding deposition

Ge,

Liu

2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Electronic impact of concentrated interstitial carbon on physical properties of AISI-316 austenitic stainless steel

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

From Austenitic Stainless Steel to Expanded Austenite-S Phase: Formation, Characteristics and Properties of an Elusive Metastable Phase

From Austenitic Stainless Steel to Expanded Austenite-S Phase: Formation, Characteristics and Properties of an Elusive Metastable Phase

Understanding the Efficacy of Concentrated Interstitial Carbon in Enhancing the Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel

Numerical studies on the parameter effect and controlling method of the residual stress in the remanufactured 17CrNiMo6 heavy-duty gear by the laser cladding deposition

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