Electronic outlining as a tool for making writing visible

Price, Jonathan

doi:10.1016/s8755-4615(97)90009-8

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…However, writers can nowadays profit from using word processors and the growing menu of embedded tools that support writing by facilitating the writing process (Deacon, Jaftha, & Horwitz, 2004;Kozma, 1991;Price, 1997). An example of such a tool is the outline tool which enables writers to easily create outlines with which they can organize and subsequently elaborate their text ideas.…”

Section: Outlining As a Planning Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of an electronic outline tool is its increased flexibility by enabling writers to (1) easily adapt their outlines, (2) fold and unfold parts of the text, and (3) present the outline and the full text simultaneously on the computer screen (cf. Erkens, Jaspers, Prangsma, & Kanselaar, 2005;Price, 1997). Although available to almost all writers, such tools remain relatively unknown and, thus, unused.…”

Section: Outlining As a Planning Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, a substantial number of studies have investigated the effects of traditional outlining on writing performance (see Galbraith et al, 2005;Hayes, 2006;Kozma, 1991;Price, 1997). The underlying principles of outlining (i.e.…”

Section: Outlining As a Planning Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Write between the lines: Electronic outlining and the organization of text ideas

Smet

Brand‐Gruwel

Broekkamp

et al. 2012

Computers in Human Behavior

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Section: Outlining As a Planning Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Outlining As a Planning Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Write between the lines: Electronic outlining and the organization of text ideas

Smet

Brand‐Gruwel

Broekkamp

et al. 2012

Computers in Human Behavior

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“…Though this is the case, introducing outline tools should not be discouraged as students can be taught to use outlines more productively (Walvoord et al . 1995; Price 1997). Moreover, students who initially are not tempted to use the strategy may find it useful after experiencing its benefits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Currently, writers can profit from electronic tools for outlining incorporated in standard software on their computers such as in MS Word ® , Corel ® , Word Perfect ® and Star Office ® . These outline tools help writers in at least three ways (see Price 1997) in that they (1) contribute to gaining a clear visualization of the global text structure; (2) enable users to fold or unfold parts of the text produced so far and thus focus attention on parts of the text that temporary need attention; and (3) allow writers to easily adapt the outline and the text structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of electronic outlining on students' argumentative writing performance

Smet

Broekkamp

Brand‐Gruwel

et al. 2011

Journal of Computer Assisted Learning

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This study examined the effect of electronic outlining on the quality of students' writing products and how outlining affects perceived mental effort during the writing task.Additionally, it was studied how students appropriate and appreciate an outline tool and whether they need explicit instruction in order to engage in planning. To answer these questions, the writing products and self-report data from 34 tenth-grade students of a Dutch pre-university school were analyzed. Students wrote two similar argumentative texts with or without an outline tool. Results show that electronic outlining improves the quality of students' argumentative texts and decreases mental effort. Answers to a retrospective questionnaire showed that a short instruction on the outline tool was sufficient for students to understand its working and that most students experienced the tool as beneficial. Finally, results indicate that without specific instruction on text planning, students hardly devote any time to this important aspect of writing.Keywords: Electronic outlining, outline tool, argumentative text, writing, text structure, mental effort, writing process, writing performance Outlining and Argumentative Writing 3 Effects of Electronic Outlining on Students' Argumentative Writing PerformanceDuring the last twenty years, personal computers have taken on an ever increasing role in education. Students regularly use general and specific computer tools to search, represent and process information. Those tools are often readily available in standard software that is installed on their computer (e.g., word processor, spreadsheet, internet browser). In fact, most computers include so many tools that many of them remain unused or unknown, even when they are potentially helpful (Collins & Halverson, 2010).One might think that tools which could significantly impact academic performance and learning would be used in educational settings either by students or their teachers.Moreover, one might think that educators would include instruction on how to use these tools in the regular school curriculum. Unfortunately, this is not the case.Although today's students are often considered to be 'digital natives ' (Prensky, 2001), "it appears they do not recognize the enhanced functionality of the applications they own and use" (Bullen, Morgan, Belfer, & Qayyum, 2008; p. 7.7). Margaryan, Littlejohn, and Vojt (2010) reported that when used for learning, technology is mostly for passive information consumption (e.g., Wikipedia ® ) or for downloading lecture notes. Furthermore, teachers are often not very digitally literate and/or do not know how to use available tools in an educational setting. Säljö (2010) noted that "digital curriculum materials and multimedia resources have not been able to assert themselves as part of regular educational practices to the extent that some predicted they would" (p. 54). Teachers rarely integrate computer tools into their education and thus students are not introduced to the wide range of their computer's possibi...

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Computers and Composition 1983–2002: What we have hoped for

Moran

2003

Computers and Composition

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Electronic outlining as a tool for making writing visible

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

Write between the lines: Electronic outlining and the organization of text ideas

Write between the lines: Electronic outlining and the organization of text ideas

Effects of electronic outlining on students' argumentative writing performance

Computers and Composition 1983–2002: What we have hoped for

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