Electronic Raman Processes in Rydberg Matter of Cs: Circular Rydberg States in Cs and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Cs</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi/></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>+</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math>

Svensson, Robert; Holmlid, Leif

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.1739

Cited by 42 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In the more chaotic plasma-like structure, spectroscopic transitions in clusters are less likely relative to transitions in atoms or ions. In one case, Raman and stimulated Raman spectra were observed with an intense laser with transitions typical for separate Rydberg ions [59]. Many of these transitions involved ion-core levels.…”

Section: Stimulated Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Holmlid

2011

J Clust Sci

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A review is given of experimental studies of clusters of Rydberg matter (RM) with applications. This is a metallic type of matter with angular momentum l C 1 for the conduction band electrons. The atoms in RM can be one-electron atoms like K, H and D which are most used in the laboratory, or two-electron atoms like He. Mixed clusters of one-electron atoms are easily studied. This material is stable in a vacuum both in the laboratory and in interstellar space. The large stability is valid for the lowest excitation level for each atom type, at l = 1 for H(1) which is the lowest energy state for protium. Typical clusters of RM are planar with magic numbers 7, 19, 37, 61 and 91. Small planar cluster can form stacks of clusters. Close-packed clusters exist for H(1) with magic numbers 4, 6, and 12, and chain clusters mainly formed by D-D ''beads'' are common for D(1). Several methods to study RM clusters are reviewed. Stimulated spectroscopy methods like stimulated emission and stimulated Raman are emphasized. Cluster properties like large polarizability and giant magnetic dipoles are described. Results on rotational levels, vibrational levels and electronic levels are reviewed. The observational evidence for RM clusters in space is discussed in relation to the fundamental experimental studies of the specific cluster properties.

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Section: Stimulated Raman Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 98%

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Holmlid

2011

J Clust Sci

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“…18 s at n=40 and 17 s for n100 [24]). The theoretical lifetime of RM may get up to ten minutes or even some hours and days.…”

Section: (H)mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Since the first experimental observations of RM in cesium metal plasma, spectroscopic studies of this highly excited form of condensed matter have been made [24]. Electronic Raman anti-Stokes and mixed Stokes processes have been detected in the range 290-920 mu after nonresonant excitation at 564 nm using a ns pulsed dye laser.…”

Section: (H)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optical processes in Rydberg atoms systems

Manykin

2002

SPIE Proceedings

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The interaction between Rydberg systems {Rydberg atoms (RA) gas or Rydberg matter (RM)} and coherent light in various frequency bands is considered. It is shown why Rydberg systems possess a greater polarizabilities and, accordingly, linear and nonlinear susceptibilities and strong sensitive to high-1 (circular) Rydberg states in RA and RM. Quantum theory of physical and chemical properties of RA and RM are related with recent obtained results on the optical spectroscopy. The experimental data of Raman processes, wave mixing effects in gas of RA, and their clusters of RM are analyzed. Problem of blueshifts and stimulated electronic laser Raman processes, as well as four wave mixing in RM are discussed. Rydberg atom (RA) itself, and different RA systems are now a topic of considerable interest. Recent development in laser physics and laser technology has aroused new interest to study fundamental concepts of quantum physics and quantum optics. Many problems have become available for experimental test. As for instance, quantum-classical boundary [I], * edmany@isssph.kiae.ru: Fax: 7(095)196 59 73; Phone: 7 (095) 196 91 07

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“…The independent investigation of over-dense RM by Yarygin et al [31], i.e. of the type of RM studied for example by stimulated Raman spectroscopy [32], gives direct proof for RM formation also under high density conditions. Theoretical classical calculations with electron correlation taken into account [12] show that, even though the RM electrons are delocalized in the RM clusters, it is still possible to describe them as moving in stable circular orbits that are scaled by n B 2 .…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 98%

Deuterium Clusters D N and Mixed K–D and D–H Clusters of Rydberg Matter: High Temperatures and Strong Coupling to Ultra-Dense Deuterium

Holmlid

2011

J Clust Sci

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Ultra-dense deuterium D(-1) can be formed by a catalytic process from Rydberg Matter (RM) of deuterium as reported previously. Laser-induced inertial confinement fusion (ICF) has recently been observed in this material. The formation of D(-1) is now studied through experiments observing the deuterium RM clusters D N in excitation levels n B = 1, 3 and 4. These levels are intermediate in the formation process of D(-1). Laser-induced fragmentation is used, with neutral timeof-flight (TOF) and TOF-MS measurements of the kinetic energy release (KER) from the quantized Coulomb explosions (CE). Several types of pure D N clusters, mixed clusters containing both D and H atoms, and clusters containing both D and K atoms are identified. The large planar RM clusters which are common for H and K are less common for D. The neutral D N clusters are small and have high kinetic temperature, typically at 100 K instead of 10 K for K N and H N . Large D N ? clusters are only observed when an electric field is applied, probably stabilized by increased cooling. A strong coupling of the D(1) laser fragmentation signal to the ultra-dense D(-1) signal is observed, and the materials D(1) and D(-1) are two rapidly interchangeable forms of quantum fluids.

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Electronic Raman Processes in Rydberg Matter of Cs: Circular Rydberg States in Cs andCs+

Cited by 42 publications

References 16 publications

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Experimental Studies and Observations of Clusters of Rydberg Matter and Its Extreme Forms

Nonlinear optical processes in Rydberg atoms systems

Deuterium Clusters D N and Mixed K–D and D–H Clusters of Rydberg Matter: High Temperatures and Strong Coupling to Ultra-Dense Deuterium

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