Electronic sector scanning for ultrasonic diagnosis

Somer, J. C.

doi:10.1016/0041-624x(68)90277-1

Cited by 156 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The next milestone in the phased array history was the 1st World Congress on Ultrasonic Diagnostics in Medicine, Vienna 1969 [3]. After having completed the delay line system for the receiver part, our Electroscan I was able to produce images from head and heart.…”

Section: Electroscan I Completedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of real time ultrasound

Somer

2004

International Congress Series

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Section: Electroscan I Completedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The history of real time ultrasound

Somer

2004

International Congress Series

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“…Previous attempts at trans-skull imaging indicates the resolution achieved was in the range of 1-2 cm. 7 In addition, the real time aspect of these tomographic images permits the display of pulsating cephalic arterial structures without the use of contrast media or ionizing radiation. The presence and diagnostic relevance of intracranial echo pulsations using A-mode echoencephalography has been the subject of some discussion in the past.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real time ultrasound tomography of the adult brain.

Smith¹,

Ramm²,

Kisslo³

et al. 1978

Stroke

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A-MODE ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY has been accepted as a routine clinical tool of proven value in neurology.13 Unfortunately, this widely available ultrasound technique does not provide 2-dimensional information about anatomical or pathological structures. Since the initial development of B-mode ultrasonography, there have been a number of attempts 48 to apply this imaging modality to the generation of tomographic images of the brain. As the ultrasonic beam passes through the adult skull, it is seriously degraded so that previous attempts at cephalic imaging proved to be only marginally useful. This report represents the initial clinical results from a new, real time, 2-dimensional ultrasound scanner modified for adult cephalic applications. An optimized transducer design and the use of the dynamically focused phased array imaging system have resulted in ultrasound tomograms of the brain which are significant improvements over previous attempts. Methods InstrumentationEchoencephalographic studies were performed using a 2-dimensional imaging system originally designed for cardiac applications. 910 This system, developed in the Duke University Biomedical Engineering Department, relies on phased array principles to rapidly steer the ultrasound beam through the target volume and is capable of producing highresolution tomographic images of the brain in real time. This approach does not require that the ultrasound transducer be moved in the image formation process.

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“…However these types of equipment finally did not become routinely used, mainly because of troublesomeness to operate. In parallel with their studies, studies of two-dimensional echocardiography with a high-speed scan system had been started from the late 1960s [64,65].…”

Section: Development Of Two-dimensional Echocardiography Establismentioning

confidence: 99%

Short History of The Development of Echocardiograpy With Special Reference to That in Japan (1)

Nimura¹

2003

J Echocardiogr

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The ultrasound reflection technique was introduced into cardiology in 1953, and in 1955, the ultrasonic Doppler technique was introduced. The dawning stage of ultrasound diagnostics of the heart was the ten year period prior to 1965.During this stage, besides the afore mentioned techniques, there were only a few attempts to use ultrasound for heart diagnostics.In the next age, from about 1965 to 1975, the leading type of the cardiac ultrasound was M-mode echocardiography.M-mode echocardiography was the first generation of ultrasound diagnostics of the heart used in routine practice. This period may be called the age of M-mode echocardiography. During 1975 to 1985, the leading technique was real-time two-dimensional echocardiography, with and without the Doppler mechanism, which was the second generation in routine. This period can be called the age of the two-dimensional echocardiography. The period from 1985 to the present time may be called the age of the color Doppler, which has been the third generation of the cardiac ultrasound.However, since the middle of this last age the cardiac ultrasound has been showing the most diversification of techniques and usages. Therefore, it is uncertain whether the age division as mentioned above can be continued. The period extending over the last age and present time may be the second dawn of the cardiac ultrasound.

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Electronic sector scanning for ultrasonic diagnosis

Cited by 156 publications

References 9 publications

The history of real time ultrasound

The history of real time ultrasound

Real time ultrasound tomography of the adult brain.

Short History of The Development of Echocardiograpy With Special Reference to That in Japan (1)

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