Electronic structure modification of polymeric PEDOT:PSS electrodes using the nonionic surfactant Brij C10 additive for significant sheet resistance reduction

Choi, Seungsun; Kim, Wonsik; Shin, Woojin; Han, Hyo Kyung; Park, Chaeryeon; Oh, Hyesung; Jung, Sehyun; Park, Soo Hyung; Lee, Hyunbok

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.155609

Cited by 7 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…It can be clearly distinguished that the WF and the PSS – -to-PSSH ratio show a good correlation, while the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio does not show an obvious evolution tendency with the WF. Compared with the pristine film, the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio decreases and the conductivity increases when additives are added, which is consistent with previous reports. , The PEDOT:PSS thin film with DMSO as a sole additive has the highest conductivity and the lowest surface roughness. The very low conductivity of the reference PH1000 film is due to the random distribution of the PEDOT grains, which are separated by surrounding PSS – and PSSH, leading to low intergrains tunneling or hopping rates. ,,, Furthermore, the hydrogen bonds between adjacent PSS long chains and the ionic interaction between PEDOT and PSS make the grains coil-like. , …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Compared with the pristine film, the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio decreases and the conductivity increases when additives are added, which is consistent with previous reports. 16,53 The PEDOT:PSS thin film with DMSO as a sole additive has the highest conductivity and the lowest surface roughness. The very low conductivity of the reference PH1000 film is due to the random distribution of the PEDOT grains, which are separated by surrounding PSS − and PSSH, leading to low intergrains tunneling or hopping rates.…”

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Phys. Chem Au

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The conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is used in a manifold of electronic applications, and controlling its conductivity is often the key to attain a superior device performance. To that end, solvent additives like Triton, ethylene glycol (EG), or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are regularly incorporated. In our comprehensive study, we prepare PEDOT:PSS thin films with seven different additive combinations and with thicknesses ranging from 6 to 300 nm on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) substrates. We utilize X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to access the PSS-to-PEDOT ratio and the PSS–-to-PSSH ratio in the near-surface region and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) to get the work function (WF). In addition, the morphology and conductivity of these samples are obtained. We found that the WF of the prepared thin films for each combination becomes saturated at a thickness of around 50 nm and thinner films show a lower WF due to the inferior coverage on the ITO. Furthermore, the WF shows a better correlation with the PSS–-to-PSSH ratio than the commonly used PSS-to-PEDOT ratio as PSS– can directly affect the surface dipole. By adding solvent additives, a dramatic increase in the conductivity is observed for all PEDOT:PSS films, especially when DMSO is involved. Moreover, adding the additive Triton (surfactant) helps to suppress the WF fluctuation for most films of each additive combination and contributes to weaken the surface dipole, eventually leading to a lower and thickness-independent WF.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: ■ Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Phys. Chem Au

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“…The measured R RMS values of 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt% Brij C10-mixed PEDOT:PSS films are 2.4, 3.5, 4.2, 4.8, and 5.2 nm, respectively. Such changes in surface features are the same as observed in PH1000 with Brij C10 [ 28 ]. In addition, the film thickness might be similarly increased with the changes in the Brij C10 concentration.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 73%

“…In the pristine PEDOT:PSS (0 wt%), the work function of PEDOT:PSS was as high as 5.38 eV. The work function of P VP AI 4083 for HTL was higher than that of PH1000 for an electrode, owing to the higher PSS/PEDOT ratio [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. However, the work function gradually decreased with Brij C10 mixing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (Brij C10) is also a famous non-ionic surfactant. We previously reported that the Brij C10 additive significantly decreases the sheet resistance of a highly conducting PEDOT:PSS (Clevios PH1000) anode, thereby improving the PCE of PSCs [ 28 ]. However, the working mechanism of the Brij C10 additive in semiconducting PEDOT:PSS (Clevios P VP AI 4083) and its role in the HTL would be different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancement in Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reduced Non-Radiative Recombination Using a Brij C10-Mixed PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer

et al. 2023

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Interface properties between charge transport and perovskite light-absorbing layers have a significant impact on the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a polyelectrolyte composite that is widely used as a hole transport layer (HTL) to facilitate hole transport from a perovskite layer to an anode. However, PEDOT:PSS must be modified using a functional additive because PSCs with a pristine PEDOT:PSS HTL do not exhibit a high PCE. Herein, we demonstrate an increase in the PCE of PSCs with a polyethylene glycol hexadecyl ether (Brij C10)-mixed PEDOT:PSS HTL. Photoelectron spectroscopy results show that the Brij C10 content becomes significantly high in the HTL surface composition with an increase in the Brij C10 concentration (0–5 wt%). The enhanced PSC performance, e.g., a PCE increase from 8.05 to 11.40%, is attributed to the reduction in non-radiative recombination at the interface between PEDOT:PSS and perovskite by the insulating Brij C10. These results indicate that the suppression of interface recombination is essential for attaining a high PCE for PSCs.

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Enhanced performance of polymer solar cells by ultraviolet-ozone treatment of MoOX films with non-thermal annealing treatment of MoOX films

Liu,

Zhang,

Sun

2024

Surfaces and Interfaces

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Electronic structure modification of polymeric PEDOT:PSS electrodes using the nonionic surfactant Brij C10 additive for significant sheet resistance reduction

Cited by 7 publications

References 61 publications

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation

Photoelectron Spectroscopy Reveals the Impact of Solvent Additives on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) Thin Film Formation

Enhancement in Power Conversion Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells by Reduced Non-Radiative Recombination Using a Brij C10-Mixed PEDOT:PSS Hole Transport Layer

Enhanced performance of polymer solar cells by ultraviolet-ozone treatment of MoOX films with non-thermal annealing treatment of MoOX films

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