Electronic structure of the carbon nanotube tips studied by x-ray-absorption spectroscopy and scanning photoelectron microscopy

Chiou, J. W.; Yueh, C. L.; Jan, J. C.; Tsai, H. M.; Pong, W. F.; Hong, I.-H.; Klauser, Ruth; Tsai, M.‐H.; Chang, Yin-Yu; Chen, Y. Y.; Wu, Chien-Ting; Chen, K. H.; Wei, Shih-Chung; Wen, Cheng‐Yen; Chen, L. C.; Chuang, T. J.

doi:10.1063/1.1523152

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It is an important, element‐specific technique to obtain electronic, structural and bonding information in carbon‐or silicon‐based systems . For example, XANES was widely used to investigate the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes . Single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) prepared by plasma laser vaporization with oxidized surface functional groups was investigated by XANES and the presence of oxygen‐containing groups was discussed in terms of C and O K ‐edge XANES spectra .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Carbon and Silicon Nanostructures for Energy Applications

et al. 2014

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Carbon and silicon materials are two of the most important materials involved in the history of the science and technology development. In the last two decades, C and Si nanoscale materials, e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, and silicon nanowires, and quantum dots, have also emerged as the most interesting nanomaterials in nanoscience and nanotechnology for their myriad promising applications such as for electronics, sensors, biotechnology, etc. In particular, carbon and silicon nanostructures are being utilized in energy-related applications such as catalysis, batteries, solar cells, etc., with significant advances. Understanding of the nature of surface and electronic structures of nanostructures plays a key role in the development and improvement of energy conversion and storage nanosystems. Synchrotron soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and related techniques, such as X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM), show unique capability in revealing the surface and electronic structures of C and Si nanomaterials. In this review, XAS is demonstrated as a powerful technique for probing chemical bonding, the electronic structure, and the surface chemistry of carbon and silicon nanomaterials, which can greatly enhance the fundamental understanding and also applicability of these nanomaterials in energy applications. The focus is on the unique advantages of XAS as a complementary tool to conventional microscopy and spectroscopy for effectively providing chemical and structural information about carbon and silicon nanostructures. The employment of XAS for in situ, real-time study of property evolution of C and Si nanostructures to elucidate the mechanisms in energy conversion or storage processes is also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Carbon and Silicon Nanostructures for Energy Applications

et al. 2014

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“…Therefore, it is interesting to understand the effect of chemical modification of CNTs using halogens (F, I, Br and Cl). Fluorine-, iodine-and bromine-treated CNTs 36,37 and CNTs-based nanomaterials 39,40,15,19 have been investigated previously. The electronic and bonding properties of chlorine-treated nitrogenated carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs:Cl) has not been fully carried out.…”

Section: Chlorine Functionalization Of Nitrogenated Carbon Nanotubes mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Now, we have studied and compared the electronic structure and compared the formation of different structure using XANES and SPEM of with/without oxygen and chlorine treated (functionalization) N-CNTs. Details of XANES and SPEM measurements are described in our previous report 57 "the electronic structure of tips and of sidewalls" of CNTs.…”

Section: Chlorine / Oxygen Functionalization Of Nitrogenated Carbon Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is interesting to understand the effect of chemical modification of CNTs using halogens (F, I, Br and Cl). Different workers have been investigated the fluorine-, iodine-, bromine-treated CNTs [10][11][12] and CNTsbased nanomaterials [13][14][15] . A comprehensive study of the electronic structures and bonding properties of N-CNTs:Cl is complementary to the understanding of the properties of halogen modified CNTs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In case of chlorine treatment 17 using dichlorocarbene compound, the surface of CNTs are modified with presence of other functional forms of carbon (i.e C-Cl, C-O and O-C=O) on the surface of CNTs by decreasing the density of C-C bonds. However, either on oxidation or chlorination it shows not only the surface modification but also changes the structural as well as electronic properties of CNTs [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] . We have observed from experimental results and hence theoretical calculation that chlorine bonded compounds (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nitrogenated Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Chlorine and Oxygen: Electronic and magnetic properties for electronic/magnetic device applications

Ray

2018

Front. Res. Today

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The electronic properties, bonding structure and magnetic behaviours of oxygen-and chlorine-treated nitrogenated carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) were studied using x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES), scanning photoelectron microscopy (SPEM) and PPMS measurements. The C and N K-edge XANES spectra of chlorine-treated N-CNTs consistently reveal the formation of pyridinelike N-CNTs by the observation of 1s→π*(e 2u ) antibonding and 1s→π*(b 2g ) bonding states. Features in the C K-edge XANES spectra are shifted by ~0.3 eV toward higher energies and by ~1.1 eV toward lower energies relatively to those of the more symmetrical pyridinelike and graphitelike structured N-CNTs upon chlorination and oxidation, respectively. Increases in N K-edge XANES intensities for both chlorination and oxidation reveal substitution of C-C bonds by C-N bonds consistent with the observed valence-band photoemission spectra of the decrease of the C 2s bond and the increase of the N 2s bond. The valence-band photoemission spectra obtained from SPEM images indicate that chlorination of the nanotubes enhances the C-N bonding. First-principles calculations of the partial densities of states in conjunction with C K-edge XANES data identify the presence of C-Cl bonding inchlorine treated N-CNTs. In the electron field emission of chlorination (N-CNT:Cl) and oxidation (N-CNT:O) of N-CNT shows a high current density (J) of 15.0 mA/cm 2 has been achieved on chlorination, whereas low J of 0.0052 mA/cm 2 is observed on oxidation compared to J = 1.3 mA/cm 2 for untreated N-CNT at an applied electric field E A of ~1.9 V/mm. The turn-on electric field (E TO ) was ~0.875 and 1.25 V/mm was achieved for N-CNT:-Cl and N-CNT:O, respectively, with respect to E TO = 1.0 V/mm for untreated one. The magnetic behavioural changes occurs when N-CNTs are functionalized with Cl and O respectively.

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Synchrotron Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Carbon and Silicon Nanostructures for Energy Applications

Zhong

Zhang

Sun

et al. 2018

Synchrotron Radiation in Materials Science

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Electronic structure of the carbon nanotube tips studied by x-ray-absorption spectroscopy and scanning photoelectron microscopy

Abstract: Articles you may be interested in Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge structure studies of N-doped carbon nanotubes sealed with N2 gas

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Synchrotron Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Carbon and Silicon Nanostructures for Energy Applications

Synchrotron Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Carbon and Silicon Nanostructures for Energy Applications

Nitrogenated Carbon Nanotubes Functionalized with Chlorine and Oxygen: Electronic and magnetic properties for electronic/magnetic device applications

Synchrotron Soft X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of Carbon and Silicon Nanostructures for Energy Applications

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