The 1 3 Σ − u ← X 3 Σ − g transition of linear HC 5 H (A) has been observed in a neon matrix and gas phase. The assignment is based on mass-selective experiments, extrapolation of previous results of the longer HC 2n+1 H homologues, and density functional and multi-state CASPT2 theoretical methods. Another band system starting at 303 nm in neon is assigned as the 1 1 A 1 ← X 1 A 1 transition of the cumulene carbene pentatetraenylidene H 2 C 5 (B). C 2015 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx