Electronic transport in graphene with out-of-plane disorder

One-Dimensional Moiré Physics and Chemistry in Heterostrained Bilayer Graphene

“…For low values of compressive heterostrain, the atomic structure relaxes by homogeneously increasing the curvature, such that the local strain is minimized, and therefore, their periodic structure has a sinusoidal shape. Above a critical strain value, the homogeneous curvature cannot minimize local forces, resulting in a rippled lattice, − where the strain spatially localizes inducing a local increase in the interlayer distance, as displayed in Figure a. This regime starts at values of heterostrain of approximately −1% in the zigzag direction and at a larger value in the armchair direction, proportional to the armchair/zigzag lattice vector length ratio.…”