Electronic waste: A critical assessment on the unimaginable growing pollutant, legislations and environmental impacts

Rajesh, R.; Kanakadhurga, Dharmaraj; Prabaharan, Natarajan

doi:10.1016/j.envc.2022.100507

Cited by 78 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Another source of lead is the leadbearing solder on wiring boards [160]. Crushed e-waste in Japan landfills have reported high concentrations of lead [161,162]. Ferronato & Torretta [53] found landfill sites contribute considerable toxic contamination attributed to medium and longterm leakage of cadmium and mercury into the soil.…”

Section: Landfillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Omondi¹

2022

IJESNR

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The production of electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) that include computers, mobile phones, modems, printers, refrigerators, and air conditioning units has been growing rapidly stimulated by technological advances, increased product affordability, and short product lifespans. However, this growth has not been matched by recognition of the dangers to health and the environment from disposal of the waste EEE (e-waste) especially in developing countries. Globally, the annual generation of e-waste is in the range 20 -50 million metric tons, which, following the current trend can increase to over 120 million metric tons by year 2050. This paper reviews the nature, complexity and health and environmental impacts of the e-waste, its global scale, and the alternative technologies for its management. However, the focus is on developing countries, which import disproportionately large quantities of used and obsolete EEE for reuse and recycling but lack effective legislation, skills and infrastructure for management of the waste. As a result, e-waste handlers and recyclers use crude methods for recycling oblivious of the inherent dangers of heavy metals and organic substances in the waste. While the exporting of EEE to developing countries for reuse extends their useful life, informal recycling and final disposal through open dumping, burning and burial poses danger to human health and the environment. Electronic products contain many materials requiring special end-of-life handling; mainly, lead, mercury, arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and plastics that are capable of releasing, dioxins and furans among other compounds. Consequently, successful management of the e-waste in the developing countries will require institution of guiding framework for end of life management such as the extended producer responsibility, and product take back. Ultimately, the key to successful e-waste management is the development of formal recycling facilities. Centralized collection points where economies of scale will attract investment for facilities for dismantling and disassembling of component for recycling and for disposal of toxic components are recommended.

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Section: Landfillingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Omondi¹

2022

IJESNR

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“…There are three types of technologies recovery of precious and base metals from electronic waste. These are pyro metallurgical (thermal), hydrometallurgical (chemical) and thermal cracking (pyrolysis) [7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Technologies For Resource Recovery From E-wastementioning

confidence: 99%

The environmental and health impact generated by waste electrical and electronic equipment

Cernica¹,

Cuciureanu²,

Stanescu³

et al. 2022

RJEEC

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A serious problem that arose with the evolution of modern industry is generation of electrical and electronic equipment waste. In the last decades, the generation of electronic waste has increased a lot and it is estimated that in 2030, almost 74 tons of electronic waste will be generated, which will represent a significant threat to the environment. The purpose of this article is to track the potential impacts on the environment, to highlight the importance of waste management strategies and to provide the latest information in the field. A presentation of the countermeasures that must be taken at the national and international level to address the sensitive problem of waste management is also realized.

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“…Electronic waste (e-waste) is thus a critical problem to be addressed as it will increase in the next decades with the exponential increase of manufactured materials, reaching nearly 100 million tons of ewaste by 2050 [10]. To date, only one-fifth of e-waste materials are collected and recycled and different countries are implemented regulations to control their pollution [11]. Thus, the next generation of electronic materials and, in particular, sensing materials (environmental, pH, motion, force, temperature, among others) must be based on recyclable and/or reusable materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beeswax multifunctional composites with thermal-healing capability and recyclability

Brito‐Pereira

Ribeiro²,

Tubío³

et al. 2023

Chemical Engineering Journal

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Electronic waste: A critical assessment on the unimaginable growing pollutant, legislations and environmental impacts

Cited by 78 publications

References 73 publications

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

Complexity of E-Waste and its Management Challenges in Developing Countries – A Review

The environmental and health impact generated by waste electrical and electronic equipment

Beeswax multifunctional composites with thermal-healing capability and recyclability

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