Electronmicroscopic investigation of the effects of biocides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO bacteriophage F116

Maillard, Jean‐Yves; Hann, A. C.; Beggs, T.S.; Day, Martin J.; Hudson, R.A.; Russell, A. D.

doi:10.1099/00222615-42-6-415

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In literature, it was observed that treatments with 70% and 100% ethanol for 30 min produced alterations in the viral capsid of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage, without effects on the viral DNA (Maillard, Beggs, Day, Hudson, & Russel, 1996a). Isopropanol, at a concentration of 100%, showed a similar effect on the same phage (Maillard et al, 1995;Maillard, Beggs, Day, Hudson, & Russel, 1996a, b). These findings also indicate the effectiveness of ethanol and isopropanol for bacteriophage inactivation.…”

Section: Phage Inactivation By Heat Ethanol and Isopropanolmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermal and chemical inactivation of lactococcal bacteriophages

Buzrul

Öztürk

Alpas

et al. 2007

LWT - Food Science and Technology

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Section: Phage Inactivation By Heat Ethanol and Isopropanolmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermal and chemical inactivation of lactococcal bacteriophages

Buzrul

Öztürk

Alpas

et al. 2007

LWT - Food Science and Technology

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“…Its large size (145 nm) and its double-stranded DNA make it a suitable model for investigating viral disinfection mechanisms, as has been shown in previous studies (Maillard et al 1995. Furthermore, the use of bacteriophage is suited for such investigations because of the properties of these bacterial viruses; a well-defined structure, non-pathogenicity, low costs of propagation, availability of large amounts of phage particles (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficacy and mechanisms of action of sodium hypochlorite on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 phage F116

Maillard

Hann

Baubet

et al. 1998

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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. The Pseudomonas aerugtnosa PA01 phage F116 was used to investigate the viricidal activity and the mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite. T h e bacteriophage was inactivated with a low concentration (O.OOOSo/o available chlorine) of the biocide prepared in tap water but it was less sensitive to a sodium hypochlorite solution prepared in ultra-pure water (0*0O7S0/o available chlorine). For all the effective concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (i.e. producing at least 4 log reduction in phage titre), F 1 16 was readily inactivated within 30 s. Electron microscopical investigations of the phage particles challenged with sodium hypochlorite showed a wide variety of deleterious effects, some of which have not been previously observed with other biocides. T h e wide range of structural alterations observed suggested that sodium hypochlorite has multiple target sites against F116 bacteriophage. A 30 s exposure to sodium hypochlorite (0.001% available chlorine) produced severe damage, the number and severity of which increased with a higher concentration (0.O07S0/o available chlorine) and with a longer contact time. These observations suggested that sodium hypochlorite inactivated F116 bacteriophage by causing structural alterations to the phage head, tail and overall structure, hence possibly releasing the viral genome from damaged capsids in the surrounding media.

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“…Representative TEM images (panel C) of soluble, purified proteins that were expressed from the sequence of 5610 resemble procapsid structures with various morphologies. The red image outlined in panel D shows an empty procapsid, which resembles a “broken” head structure (blue outlined image) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA0 phage F116, and is illustrated by a white inset image [51]. Panel E shows images of a “folded” head structure from the soluble, purified proteins of 5610 (red outline) that is similar to that of φF116 (blue outline with white inset image [51]).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite being assembled from the protein product of a single gene, the VCID5610 structures appear to have different morphotypes that are reminiscent of the damaged procapsids that result from the treatment of the Pseudomonas phage F116 with biocides, as shown by Maillard et al [51].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Neural Networks Trained to Detect Viral and Phage Structural Proteins

et al. 2012

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Phages play critical roles in the survival and pathogenicity of their hosts, via lysogenic conversion factors, and in nutrient redistribution, via cell lysis. Analyses of phage- and viral-encoded genes in environmental samples provide insights into the physiological impact of viruses on microbial communities and human health. However, phage ORFs are extremely diverse of which over 70% of them are dissimilar to any genes with annotated functions in GenBank. Better identification of viruses would also aid in better detection and diagnosis of disease, in vaccine development, and generally in better understanding the physiological potential of any environment. In contrast to enzymes, viral structural protein function can be much more challenging to detect from sequence data because of low sequence conservation, few known conserved catalytic sites or sequence domains, and relatively limited experimental data. We have designed a method of predicting phage structural protein sequences that uses Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). First, we trained ANNs to classify viral structural proteins using amino acid frequency; these correctly classify a large fraction of test cases with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. Subsequently, we added estimates of protein isoelectric points as a feature to ANNs that classify specialized families of proteins, namely major capsid and tail proteins. As expected, these more specialized ANNs are more accurate than the structural ANNs. To experimentally validate the ANN predictions, several ORFs with no significant similarities to known sequences that are ANN-predicted structural proteins were examined by transmission electron microscopy. Some of these self-assembled into structures strongly resembling virion structures. Thus, our ANNs are new tools for identifying phage and potential prophage structural proteins that are difficult or impossible to detect by other bioinformatic analysis. The networks will be valuable when sequence is available but in vitro propagation of the phage may not be practical or possible.

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Electronmicroscopic investigation of the effects of biocides on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO bacteriophage F116

Cited by 31 publications

References 18 publications

Thermal and chemical inactivation of lactococcal bacteriophages

Thermal and chemical inactivation of lactococcal bacteriophages

Efficacy and mechanisms of action of sodium hypochlorite on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 phage F116

Artificial Neural Networks Trained to Detect Viral and Phage Structural Proteins

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