Electroosomotic Removal of Gasoline Hydrocarbons and TCE From Clay

Bruell, Clifford J.; Segall, Burton A.; Walsh, Matt

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1992)118:1(68)

Cited by 165 publications

(66 citation statements)

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“…1), and the migration of charged ions toward the opposite electrodes (Weng et al 2000). Electrokinetic (EK) process is capable of removing non-polar chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as PCE, in spite of the lack of enhancement of ion migration in the treatment performance (Weng et al 2000;Bruell et al 1992;Ho et al 1999;Yang and Long 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil

Gholami

Kebria

Mahmudi

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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One large group of persistent and toxic contaminants is the hydrophobic organic contaminants. Among them, perchloroethylene (PCE) has been recognized as a representative group of these pollutants with low solubility. This study reports on the effects of electrokinetic remediation with non-ionic surfactant on PCEcontaminated soil. The performance of electrokinetic process was investigated in the treatment of clay soil that artificially contaminated with two levels: 10,000 and 30,000 mg/kg PCE and 0.33 g/kg Triton X-100. A DC power supply with electric voltage (1 V/cm) was used for 8-16 days. A negatively charged soil surface resulted in a more negative zeta potential and greater electroosmotic flow toward the cathode. The PCE was measured after extraction using n-hexane and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy instrument. The water content of soil was kept 25 % (w/w). Results were shown that PCE removal efficiency achieved was 74 and 89 % for 10,000 and 30,000 mg/kg PCE, respectively, for 16 days. Therefore, in this study, the integration of electrokinetic with non-ionic surfactant as a hybrid method was most effective for the remediation of PCE-contaminated soils.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrokinetic remediation of perchloroethylene-contaminated soil

Gholami

Kebria

Mahmudi

2014

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Another important issue about the transport simulation is the sorptiondesorption behavior of the nonionic organics during the EK treatment. Many studies based on the equilibrium status to describe the pollutant transport (Shapiro and Probstein, 1993;Bruell et al, 1992). However, the application of equilibrium isotherms may not be applicable under some certain circumstances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Processes for In-Situ Treatment of Contaminated Soils - Final Report - 09/15/1996 - 01/31/2001

Huang¹

2001

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Contamination of soils by toxic organic pollutants is an environmental concern. The insitu electrokinetic (EK) technology is an emerging process to remediate the contaminated soils. Since the electro-osmotic (EO) flow rate and sorption behaviors of pollutants are two critical factors of the process, this study focuses on understanding the partition of nonionic organic contaminants in soil-water system, mechanisms of the EO flow, and the transport of organic compounds under an externally applied electrostatic field. The target compounds include chlorinated organic compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In order to improve the treatment efficiency, surfactant and bio-surfactant were used. A thermodynamic concept, fugacity, was introduced to illustrate the interactions between organics and the soil. A semi-empirical equation was derived to describe the EO flow rate in unsaturated soils. Moverover, the diffusion-advection-sorption model was used to simulate the transport of nonionic organic contaminants in the presence of an electrostatic field.The sorption experiments were conducted with various initial solute concentrations and different soil to solution ratios. The selected chlorinated organics include tetrachloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE), carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform. Results show that Langnuir isotherm can be used to express the distribution behavior of these chlorinated organic compounds i n the soil-water system. In addition to the hydrophobicity (K ow ), the concentration of organic compound and soil to solution ratio can influence the distribution behavior also. In order to illustrate the effects of the organic concentration and soil to solution ratio, the activity coefficient was used.The activity coefficient, γ, a relative interaction based on chosen reference state, is a useful means to express the quantitative feature of the organic-soil interaction without detailed information of their interaction mechanisms. By comparing the activity coefficients, γ w and γ s (i.e., X s /X w ), one can illustrate the trend of organic distribution at the soil-water interfaces.The concentration effect can be explained by the changes in the adsorption of organic onto the soil surface. Based on the experimental results, when increasing the organic compound concentrations, the activity coefficient, γ w , can be considered as a constant and γ s increases due to the increase of interaction energy. The change of γ s makes the sorption isotherms of PCE, TCE, carbon tetrachloride, and chloroform non-linear. According to γ s , it can be seen that the sorption between these selceted chlorinated organics and the soil is exothermic.The effect of soil to solution ratio can be attributed to the presence of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the liquid phase. DOM enhances the organic dissolution, which in turns increases the organic concentration, i.e., X w . Therefore, the partition coefficients of these chlorinated compounds, i.e., X s /X w , decrease with increasing the soil to solution ...

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“…EK mobilisation of the hydrocarbon products increases their bioavailability, thereby facilitating bioremediation. Whilst commonly used in the remediation of several inorganic contaminants [2,3,4,5], EK has also been successfully applied to the remediation of several soluble organic contaminants, such as phenanthrene, benzene, toluene, and phenol [6,7]. However, the efficiency of this process is severely limited when the compounds have a low solubility or bioavailability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%