Electrooxidation of xylitol on platinum single crystal electrodes: A voltammetric and in situ FTIRS study

Electrochemical Routes for the Valorization of Biomass-Derived Feedstocks: From Chemistry to Application

“…Scheme shows routes for the electrochemical oxidation of xylose , and glucose; these also represent the trends observed for galactose and mannose . Analysis of the surface-adsorbed intermediates by in situ FTIR spectroscopy − and the product distribution as a function of time shows that the aldehyde group, in the case of aldoses, is the first part of the molecule to be oxidized, producing carboxylic acids (e.g., products 2b and 3b in Scheme ) with good selectivity. In sequence, the terminal hydroxyl group is oxidized to an aldehyde and then carboxylic acid.…”

“…In sequence, the terminal hydroxyl group is oxidized to an aldehyde and then carboxylic acid. The next oxidation step for producing shorter molecules is C–C bond cleavage. − , Molecules such as glycolic acid (compound 1e ), glyceric acid ( 1c ), formic acid ( 1d ), oxalic acid ( 1f ), and tartronic acid ( 1g ) are products also observed in the GOR. − , Acyl species and CO are further relevant as strongly adsorbed poisoning species − that may promote electrode deactivation during electrolysis. Derivatives of the above monosaccharides, as well as di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides, can also be converted into uronic acids (oxidation at the primary hydroxyl groups) via indirect electrolysis mediated by TEMPO with >99% yields. , …”

Recent developments in electrode materials for the selective upgrade of biomass-derived platform molecules into high-value-added chemicals and fuels

“…Then, the same research group studied the effect of the arrangement of the Pt crystal plane on the XOR. 239 The electrocatalytic activity followed the order Pt (100) > Pt (111) > Pt (110) (Fig. 13a red line, 13c and d).…”

“…It is widely used in the pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries. 239 In addition, xylitol is an excellent alternative fuel for DFCs and a very important BDPM. Regrettably, the commercial production of xylitol is limited.…”

“…The onset potential for the EOR was 0.25 V vs. the silver chloride electrode (Ag/AgCl), and the current reached a maximum of 19. 18,21,23,27,51,61,64,65,70,72,75,78,79,91,93,94,120,164,165,185,225,234,238,239,241,242,249,253,258,267,269,271,273,286,290,298,301,311,313,319,323,326 0.69 V vs. Ag/AgCl in the presence of ethanol. Most importantly, the Pt-containing carbon fibers could be directly used as electrodes without binder or conductivity promoter, which avoided pore blockage and prevented the degradation of the electrode's conductivity and activity.…”