Electrophilic reactions at single bonds. XIV. Anhydrous fluoroantimonic acid catalyzed alkylation of benzene with alkanes and alkane-alkene and alkane-alkylbenzene mixtures

Oláh, George A.; Schilling, Peter; Staral, John S.; Halpern, Yuval; Oláh, Judith A.

doi:10.1021/ja00856a034

Cited by 60 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…2) resulting in the formation of i-propylbenzene and n-propylbenzene (Eqs. 3,4). For toluene and ethylbenzene did not appear as primary products, they can only be formed from propylbenzenes and not from the PPCP intermediate as over Ga/HZSM-5.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanism Of Benzene Alkylation Withmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The catalytic synthesis of alkyl aromatics from alkanes and benzene was first reported by Schmerling and Vesely [2] for the Friedel-Crafts catalyst systems and then studied by Olah et al [3] in superacidic media. The above catalysts showed high catalytic activity and selectivity to products resulted from direct alkane addition to aromatics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Benzene Alkylation with Propane over Mo Modified HZSM-5

et al. 2007

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Benzene alkylation with propane has been studied over HZSM-5 loading 3.1-15.4 wt% Mo in continuous-flow microreactor under 350°C and atmospheric pressure with the highest activity obtained at 6.7 wt% Mo loading. C 7-9 aromatics were obtained as main products while the total amount of benzene rings kept unchanged. iPropylbenzene and n-propylbenzene are formed primarily, while toluene, ethylbenzene, and ethyl-toluene are formed secondly from the propylbenzenes. Catalytic performance of 6.7 wt% Mo/HZSM-5(38) partially poisoned by NH 3 shows that the strong acid sites play a crucial role in the alkylation. Low SiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 ratio of HZSM-5 in the Mo modified catalysts gives high propane conversion. Two hydrothermal treatment methods were applied to the 6.7 wt% Mo/HZSM-5(38) catalyst, caused decrease of propane conversion but result in different product distribution. A possible reaction mechanism concerning bifunctional active centers resulted from combination of loaded Mo species and strong acid centers on HZSM-5 is proposed.

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Section: Reaction Mechanism Of Benzene Alkylation Withmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene Alkylation with Propane over Mo Modified HZSM-5

et al. 2007

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“…Recently, the interest in use of propane increased, and a new route was proposed [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]: alkylation of benzene with propane over modified zeolites catalysts. Benzene alkylation with alkanes was reported by Schmerling and Vesely [9] on Friedel-Crafts catalyst systems in 1973 and by Olah et al [10] on superacidic catalysts in 1975. These catalysts showed high catalytic activity and selectivity to products of direct addition, but sufferred from numerous, mainly environmental and corrosion drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Benzene alkylation with propane over metal modified HZSM-5

Huang

Sun

Zhu

et al. 2007

React Kinet Catal Lett

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Propane alkylation with benzene over modified zeolite catalysts is one of the good ways for propane utilization. The catalytic performance over various metal modified HZSM-5 catalysts was studied. Addition of Pt or Zn resulted in remarkable increase of the activity. Addition of Mo depressed the activity, but greatly improved selectivity to aromatics, with the content of products from direct addition of propyl group to benzene (IPB and NPB) in the products reaching 81.5 mol%.

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“…However, replacing olefins with alkanes decreases the cost of the feed and may enhance catalytic stability. Because it is much more difficult to activate alkanes than olefins, super acids [5] or bifunctional catalysts [8,11,12] are required. Although very high conversion and selectivity were reached with superacids, such processes have many environmental drawbacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Production of 2-Phenylhexane from Benzene and n-Hexane Over Pt- and Ga-Modified Zeolites

et al. 2010

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Alkylation of benzene with n-hexane was performed over H-ZSM-5 and monometallic Ga-and Pt-and bimetallic Ga-and Pt-modified ZSM-5. The influence of the particle size and the method of incorporation of Ga (during hydrothermal synthesis, by solid-state ion exchange, or by liquid-state ion exchange) was determined. The presence of Pt and well-dispersed extraframework Ga in H-ZSM-5 increased the selectivity in alkylation and suppressed cracking reactions. Well-dispersed Pt particles led to better catalytic performance. The method of Ga incorporation played an important role in obtaining higher selectivity to alkylation products and in the suppression of side reactions. Up to 93% selectivity in alkylation (of which [95% was to 2-phenylhexane) was reached over 2 wt% Pt/H-Ga f ZSM5, in which Ga occupied framework positions. We propose that the close proximity of very small Pt nanoparticles and Ga-(OH)-Si acid sites results in the optimal bifunctional catalyst for selective production of 2-phenylhexane from benzene and n-hexane. During the reaction, the catalyst deactivated, most probably due to the sintering of the Pt particles.

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Electrophilic reactions at single bonds. XIV. Anhydrous fluoroantimonic acid catalyzed alkylation of benzene with alkanes and alkane-alkene and alkane-alkylbenzene mixtures

Cited by 60 publications

References 1 publication

Benzene Alkylation with Propane over Mo Modified HZSM-5

Benzene Alkylation with Propane over Mo Modified HZSM-5

Benzene alkylation with propane over metal modified HZSM-5

Selective Production of 2-Phenylhexane from Benzene and n-Hexane Over Pt- and Ga-Modified Zeolites

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