Electrophoresis of poly(vinyl chloride) dispersed in vinyl chloride monomer

Cooper, W. D.; Speirs, Robert Martin; Wilson, J.C.; Zichy, E.L.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(79)90235-0

Cited by 17 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…It has been shown beyond reasonable doubt that the colloid stability of primary particles arises from electrostatic charges (12,4,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life-cycle of the two phase system in vinyl chloride polymerisation

Rance¹,

Zichy²

1981

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) was used to obtain information on the state of the two phase system following phase separation in the very early stages of vinyl chloride polymerisation.Around a gel phase volume ratio of 103 the particle number appeared constant with the particles growing at constant rate until a sudden decrease in numbers set in at a certain particle size, indicating flocculation. A simple mathematical model is given to account for the observations. From this work and earlier studies a scheme is proposed for the complete life-cycle of the two phase system.

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“…It has been shown beyond reasonable doubt that the colloid stability of primary particles arises from electrostatic charges (12,4,8).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life-cycle of the two phase system in vinyl chloride polymerisation

Rance¹,

Zichy²

1981

Pure and Applied Chemistry

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“…The electrophoretic mobility of primary particles with radius 0.15 t.tm has been reported as -1.2 x 104 m 2 V -I s -1 [18]. This corresponds to a zeta potential of -80 mV.…”

Section: Ri+rjmentioning

confidence: 97%

Aggregation phenomena in the suspension polymerization of VCM

Diamadopoulos

Zoubourtikoudis

Kiparissides

1990

Colloid & Polymer Sci

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In the suspension polymerization of VCM, insoluble polymer particles are formed inside the monomer droplets. The growth and aggregation of these particles are responsible for important polymer properties, such as porosity. It is well established that the most characteristic polymer particles, the primary particles, are of a narrow distribution with a size (diameter) ranging from 0.10-0.20 vm. This work studied the formation of primary particles based on the aggregation phenomena that take place inside a monomer droplet. This was done by formulating a population balance equation, which was based on the following considerations: a) polymerization occurs in both the monomer and the polymer phases; b) there is continuous formation of the basic particles in the monomer phase; c) the growth of the polymer particles occurs as a result of both polymerization in the polymer phase and aggregation of the particles; d) the colloidal properties of the particles that are responsible for the aggregation phenomena were considered to be the net result of attraction and repulsion energies.It was shown that for particles carrying a constant charge it was not possible to predict the formation of primary particles of size 0.10-0.20 t~m. The particle size distribution had a mode diameter equal to the diameter of the basic particles. Consequently, the particle charge was allowed to vary in a way proportional to the particle radius raised to a power coefficient. For values of the coefficient greater than zero, i. e., when the particle charge increased during polymerization, the aggregation of the basic particles was efficient enough to result in the formation of large primary particles.

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Formation of primary particles in vinyl chloride polymerization

Törnell¹,

Uustalu²

1988

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisThe formation of primary particles in agitated bulk polymerizations of vinyl chloride was found to proceed in two stages. The first stage occurred at the very beginning of the polymerization; the second stage started as the initially nucleated particles began to agglomerate, and continued up to at least 7% conversion. Upon formation, the primary particles were stable and did not agglomerate until reaching a limiting size, which was found to be lower at higher stirring speeds. The number of particles formed in the first stage was independent of agitation and other polymerization parameters. The rate of particle formation during the second stage was equal to the rate of particle agglomeration. Thus the total number of primary particles formed was determined almost exclusively by the rate of particle agglomeration. Addition of the surfactant Span 20 caused an increase in the total number of primary particles. Also, this addition increased the tendency of the particles to fuse together after agglomeration. These effects can be understood to be a consequence of particle destabilization by the surfactant. When a small amount of a high molecular weight PMMA was dissolved in the monomer, the polymerization behaved quite differently. In this case, the primary particles were prevented from agglomeration, reaching a limiting size independent of stirring speed.

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Electrophoresis of poly(vinyl chloride) dispersed in vinyl chloride monomer

Cited by 17 publications

References 7 publications

The life-cycle of the two phase system in vinyl chloride polymerisation

The life-cycle of the two phase system in vinyl chloride polymerisation

Aggregation phenomena in the suspension polymerization of VCM

Formation of primary particles in vinyl chloride polymerization

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