Electrophoresis of spherical soft particles in electrolyte solutions: A review

Ashrafizadeh, Seyed Nezameddin; Seifollahi, Zahra; Ganjizade, Ardalan; Sadeghi, Arman

doi:10.1002/elps.201900236

Cited by 34 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…Electric fields have been extensively employed for separation and manipulation of nanoparticles. − Suspended nanoparticles in a solution subjected to an electric field experience electrokinetic phenomena such as electrophoresis and dielectrophoresis (DEP). , Electrophoresis is the migration of charged particles under the influence of a uniform electric field, wherein the field is constant in magnitude and direction between the two oppositely charged electrodes. , In a uniform electric field, charged particles are drawn to the oppositely charged electrode, whereas uncharged particles are not influenced by the field (Figure A). ,, Different charged particles subjected to a uniform electric field experience different electrophoretic forces depending on the strength of the applied field, surrounding medium condition (viscosity, pH, and ionic strength), and electrophoretic mobility of particles. ,− DEP is the migration of electrically polarizable (dielectric) particles within a nonuniform electric field . Particles, whether charged or neutral, in a nonuniform electric field become polarized and therefore move as a result of experiencing unbalanced electrostatic forces (Figure B).…”

Section: Label-free Microfluidic Methods For Exosome Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies

2021

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Exosomes are cell-derived structures packaged with lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. They exist in diverse bodily fluids and are involved in physiological and pathological processes. Although their potential for clinical application as diagnostic and therapeutic tools has been revealed, a huge bottleneck impeding the development of applications in the rapidly burgeoning field of exosome research is an inability to efficiently isolate pure exosomes from other unwanted components present in bodily fluids. To date, several approaches have been proposed and investigated for exosome separation, with the leading candidate being microfluidic technology due to its relative simplicity, costeffectiveness, precise and fast processing at the microscale, and amenability to automation. Notably, avoiding the need for exosome labeling represents a significant advance in terms of process simplicity, time, and cost as well as protecting the biological activities of exosomes. Despite the exciting progress in microfluidic strategies for exosome isolation and the countless benefits of label-free approaches for clinical applications, current microfluidic platforms for isolation of exosomes are still facing a series of problems and challenges that prevent their use for clinical sample processing. This review focuses on the recent microfluidic platforms developed for labelfree isolation of exosomes including those based on sieving, deterministic lateral displacement, field flow, and pinched flow fractionation as well as viscoelastic, acoustic, inertial, electrical, and centrifugal forces. Further, we discuss advantages and disadvantages of these strategies with highlights of current challenges and outlook of label-free microfluidics toward the clinical utility of exosomes.

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Section: Label-free Microfluidic Methods For Exosome Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies

2021

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“…4 shows that at high electrolyte concentrations the contribution of the particle core (μ c ) vanishes and the mobility tends to a constant value corresponding to Eq. (36).…”

Section: Case (Iii) Charged Particle Core With a Charged Polymer Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a lot of theoretical studies on the electrophoresis of hard particles [1–18] and soft particles [19–37]. Soft particles, that is, soft‐matter‐coated particles consist of the particle core covered with an ion‐penetrable surface layer of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a lot of theoretical studies on the electrophoresis of hard particles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and soft particles [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Soft particles, that is, soft-matter-coated particles consist of the particle core covered with an ion-penetrable surface layer of polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of spherical soft particles

Ohshima

2021

Electrophoresis

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Approximate analytic expressions are derived for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle consisting of the particle core covered with a surface layer of polymers in an electrolyte solution. The particle core and the surface polymer layer may be charged or uncharged. The obtained electrophoretic mobility expressions, which involve neither numerical integration nor exponential integrals, are found to be in excellent agreement with the exact numerical results. It is also found that the obtained mobility expressions reproduce all the previously derived limiting expressions and approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of a weakly charged spherical soft particle.

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“…For instance, the micro-detection and therapy of bone crack by diffusiophoresis is a good demonstration as the injured or ill human tissues often release specific chemicals [5]. Indeed, although electrophoresis is still the major workhorse for now in various practical applications utilizing electrokinetic flows [6][7][8][9], diffusiophoresis is coming from behind with a fast pace, especially in the field of drug delivery with the reasons mentioned above [10][11][12][13]. In particular, many important experimental studies were reported by Shin et al recently to broaden the potential practical applications of diffusiophoresis [14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusiophoresis of a highly charged soft particle normal to a conducting plane

Lee

2021

Electrophoresis

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Diffusiophoresis of a soft particle in electrolyte solutions normal to a conducting solid plane is investigated theoretically in this study, focusing on the highly charged particle in particular. A pseudo‐spectral method based on Chebyshev polynomial is adopted to solve the resultant governing electrokinetic equations. It was found, among other things, that the closer the soft particle is to the plane, the faster it moves in general, provided only the chemiphoresis component of the diffusiophoresis is involved, i.e., no diffusion potential is present. The presence of the conducting plane is found to have three effects upon the particle motion nearby: the geometric boundary confinement effect, the electrostatic mirror‐image force analog effect, and the hydrodynamic retarding effect. The enhancement of the double layer polarization by the first two effects leads to the seeming intriguing observation mentioned above. The particle always moves away from the plane in chemiphoresis. If a diffusion potential is present, however, then it is possible to drive the particle toward the plane. The results have potential applications in drug delivery.

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Electrophoresis of spherical soft particles in electrolyte solutions: A review

Cited by 34 publications

References 128 publications

Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies

Label-Free Isolation of Exosomes Using Microfluidic Technologies

Approximate analytic expressions for the electrophoretic mobility of spherical soft particles

Diffusiophoresis of a highly charged soft particle normal to a conducting plane

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