Electrophoretic Deposition of Gentamicin-Loaded Bioactive Glass/Chitosan Composite Coatings for Orthopaedic Implants

Abstract

Despite their widespread application, metallic orthopaedic prosthesis failure still occurs because of lack of adequate bone-bonding and the incidence of post-surgery infections. The goal of this research was to develop multifunctional composite chitosan/Bioglass coatings loaded with gentamicin antibiotic as a suitable strategy to improve the surface properties of metallic implants. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) was applied as a single-step technology to simultaneously deposit the biopolymer, bioactive glass particles, and the antibiotic on stainless steel substrate. The microstructure and composition of the coatings were characterized using SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, and TGA/DSC, respectively. The in vitro bioactivity of the coatings was demonstrated by formation of hydroxyapatite after immersion in simulated body fluid (SBF) in a short period of 2 days. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) measurements indicated the release of 40% of the loaded gentamicin in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) within the first 5 days. The developed composite coating supported attachment and proliferation of MG-63 cells up to 10 days. Moreover, disc diffusion test showed improved bactericidal effect of gentamicin-loaded composite coatings against S. aureus compared to control non-gentamicin-loaded coatings.

Antibacterial Surface Treatment for Orthopaedic Implants

“…This model is composed of an anti-adhesive molecule that repels bacteria, an antimicrobial peptide that kills bacterial upon contact, and a substance containing arginine-glycine-aspartate that enhances tissue integration [71]. Several other technologies for multifunctional surfaces have been proposed and tested [107,255,256]. Because none of these coating methods can address all criteria defined for anti-infective surface treatment of medical devices intended for long-term usage in orthopaedic surgery (see part 1.4) it has been difficult to implement experimental and preclinical studies.…”

Chitosan to Connect Biology to Electronics: Fabricating the Bio-Device Interface and Communicating Across This Interface

“…In addition to proteins, it is also possible to co-deposit various other materials for incorporation into the electrodeposited chitosan film [68,[107][108][109][110][111]. In many cases, co-deposition aims to generate composite coatings (e.g., biocompatible coatings) [112][113][114][115]. With respect to interfacing biological components to electronics (the topic of this review) many materials have been co-deposited with chitosan (e.g., carbon nanotubes [71,116,117], quantum dots [118] or other nanoparticles [119][120][121]) with the goal of facilitating electron transfer and signal transduction (e.g., to facilitate electron transfer from an entrapped enzyme to the electrode).…”

Electrophoretic deposition of lawsone loaded bioactive glass (BG)/chitosan composite on polyetheretherketone (PEEK)/BG layers as antibacterial and bioactive coating

“…The coating thickness can be controlled easily through simple adjustment of deposition voltage, interelectrode distance and deposition time . EPD of chitosan and bioactive glass was illustrated by Pishbin et al, in a study in which the EPD process was optimized by using a Taguchi Design of Experiment (DoE) approach and then chitosan/BG/gentamicin and chitosan/BG/Ag coatings were produced at the optimized parameters . Chitosan‐based bioactive coatings obtained by EPD present fairly homogenous microstructure, adequate in vitro bioactivity, enhanced cell attachment, good antibacterial activity and being suitable also for loading different drugs .…”