Specific proteins exist in the uterine fluid of the rabbit, but not in the maternal blood serum. These have been named`blastokinin' Krishnan & Daniel, 1967) and`u teroglobin' (Beier, 1968a). It appears on the basis of their physiochemical properties that blastokinin and uteroglobin may be identical. Blastokinin appears in uterine fluid at 3 days post coitum (p.c.) and reaches maximal concentrations at 5 days p.c., disappearing by the 9th day. It also occurs in blastocoelic fluid at 6 days p.c. (Beier, 1968b). The purpose of this investigation was to study the ontogeny of uteroglobin and serum proteins in the blastocoelic fluid of the rabbit in relation to implantation.Adult, nulliparous, New Zealand white rabbits were mated twice with two fertile bucks and injected intravenously with 20 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin immediately afterwards. Autopsies were performed at intervals between 5 and 10 days later. The blastocysts from does killed 5 to 6\ m=1/ 2\ days p.c. were collected by flushing the uterine horn with physiological saline. The saline was filtered off and the blastocysts were weighed and placed in a pre-cooled centrifuge tube. They were then broken up with a hypodermic needle and centrifuged at about 3000 rev/min for 10 min. The blastocoelic fluid was removed by aspiration, its volume was measured, and it was frozen for later use. At 5 to 6\ m=1/ 2\ days p.c., it was necessary to pool the blastocysts from three does in order to obtain enough blastocoelic fluid for analysis. At 7 to 10 days p.c., it was only necessary to pool those of a single doe. Maternal serum and peritoneal fluid were also collected at autopsy. The protein concentration of the blastocoelic and peritoneal fluids and of the maternal serum was determined by the method of Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr & Randall (1951), using bovine serum albumin as a standard.The procedure of Ornstein & Davis (1961) was used for disc electrophoresis of these fluids. Except for the protein-deficient fluids of early blastocysts, each column was made up to contain 0-2 mg protein. Protein-rich fluids (e.g. serum, peritoneal and blastocoelic fluids of 7 to 10 days p.c.) took up little volume and were added directly to the sample gel. However, the volume of