Electrophysiological and behavioral signs of attentional disturbance in schizophrenics and their siblings

Developmental delay in P300 production in children at high risk for developing alcohol-related disorders

“…The question asked was not what the concurrent effect of psychopathology was on P300, but rather would the existence of an internalizing or externalizing disorder during childhood or adolescence alter the P300 growth trajectory. Several previous cross-sectional studies have shown that psychopathological states influence the amplitude of P300 both in children/adolescents (Courchesne 1984;Lincoln and Courchesne 1985;Holcomb et al 1985) and in adults (Bruder et al 1995;Steinhauer et al 1991;Blackwood et al 1987). The developmental course of P300 has not previously been assessed with respect to the presence of psychopathological conditions.…”

“…In contrast to the increased latency seen in association with environmental exposures or organic disease states, decrements in P300 amplitude are more often associated with the presence of psychiatric disorders. Reduced amplitude has been reported for schizophrenic patients (Steinhauer and Zubin 1982;Steinhauer et al 1991;Pfefferbaum et al 1989) and patients diagnosed with depression (Bruder et al 1995;Blackwood et al 1987;Yanai et al 1997). Individuals selected for study because they carry an especially high loading for a particular psychiatric disorder, especially alcoholism (Begleiter et al 1984;Hill and Steinhauer 1993a;Steinhauer and Hill 1993;Friedman et al 1995;Hill et al 1995a), have been reported to show reduced amplitude when compared to controls.…”

Neurodevelopmental patterns of visual P3b in association with familial risk for alcohol dependence and childhood diagnosis

“…Reduced amplitude has been reported for schizophrenic patients (Pfefferbaum et al 1989;Steinhauer and Zubin 1982;Steinhauer et al 1991) and for patients diagnosed with depression (Bruder et al 1995;Yanai et al 1997). Additionally, individuals without psychiatric illness but who carry an especially high loading for a particular psychiatric disorder, especially alcoholism, have been reported to show reduced amplitude when compared with control subjects (Begleiter et al 1984;Friedman et al 1995;Hill et al 1995a;Hill and Steinhauer 1993;Steinhauer and Hill 1993).…”

“…Several promising neurobiological markers have been investigated including electroencephalographic and event-related potential characteristics, electrodermal response, eye tracking, heart rate, and pupillography (Venables 1991). The event-related potential (ERP) and the P300 component in particular, has been studied as a potential marker for development of psychiatric problems, including such diverse disorders as schizophrenia (Pfefferbaum et al 1989;Steinhauer et al 1991) and alcoholism (Pfefferbaum et al 1991;Porjesz et al 1987aPorjesz et al , 1987bSteinhauer et al 1987). The P300 is a scalp positive wave that occurs approximately 300 msec after an informative stimulus occurs (Sutton et al 1965) and is an index of an individual's capacity to process stimulus information.…”

Schizotypal Personality Models

“…The alternative 'high risk' strategy of studying correlates of schizotypy within biological relatives of schizophrenia patients has also shown that family members demonstrate a greater frequency of perceptual aberration (Clementz et al, 1991), attentional disturbance (Balogh & Merritt, 1985;Laurent et al, 1999;Steinhauer et al, 1991), eye tracking impairments (Blackwood et al, 1991;Waldo & Freedman, 1999), and electrodermal responding (Claridge et al, 1983), with biologically high-risk children showing a similar psychophysiological profile to their schizophrenic parent (Gruzelier, 1999;Mednick & Schulsinger, 1968).…”