Electrophysiological evidence for reduced inhibitory control in depressed patients in partial remission: A Go/Nogo study

“…This supports the hypothesis that the novelty P3 reduction in depression is indicative of a deficit in early shifting of attention to novel distracter stimuli, involving a source localizable to the midline frontocentral region. Findings of a recent study by Ruchsow et al (2008) suggest that impaired control processes involved in inhibiting responses to novel stimuli may also contribute to the P3 reduction at midline central sites. They measured ERPs of 21 patients having a major depression and 21 healthy controls during a Go/Nogo flanker task.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced brain responses to novel sounds in depression: P3 findings in a novelty oddball task

Bruder¹,

Kroppmann²,

Kayser³

et al. 2009

Psychiatry Research

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There have been conflicting findings as to whether the P3 brain potential to targets in oddball tasks is reduced in depressed patients. The P3 to novel distracter stimuli in a three-stimulus oddball task has a more frontocentral topography than P3 to targets and is associated with different cognitive operations and neural generators. The novelty P3 potential was predicted to be reduced in depressed patients. EEG was recorded from 30 scalp electrodes (nose reference) in 20 unmedicated depressed patients and 20 matched healthy controls during a novelty oddball task with three stimuli: infrequent target tones (12%), frequent standard tones (76%) and nontarget novel stimuli, e.g., animal or environment sounds (12%). Novel stimuli evoked a P3 potential with shorter peak latency and more frontocentral topography than the parietal-maximum P3b to target stimuli. The novelty P3 was markedly reduced in depressed patients compared to controls. Although there was a trend for patients to also have smaller parietal P3b to targets, this group difference was not statistically significant. Nor was there a group difference in the earlier N1 or N2 potentials. The novelty P3 reduction in depressed patients is indicative of a deficit in orienting of attention and evaluation of novel environmental sounds.

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“…Although the neuroimaging results detailed above suggest that there are both structural and functional deficits in ACC in geriatric depression, the few electrophysiological studies of depression using Go/NoGo tasks have not yielded a consistent pattern of results 19-21 despite behavioural results that show clear deficits in inhibitory control in this population 22 . For example, Zhang et al 20 reported a robust N2-enhancement of similar amplitude in both patients suffering from late-life depression and non-depressed subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Zhang et al 20 reported a robust N2-enhancement of similar amplitude in both patients suffering from late-life depression and non-depressed subjects. Ruchsow et al 21 investigated a middle-aged group (mean age = 40.1 years) of depressed patients in partial remission and found larger absolute N2 amplitude for NoGo-trials in their depressed cohort. A key distinction here though is between absolute N2 amplitude and the relative difference in N2-amplitude between Go and NoGo trials (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Control in Late-Life Depression: Response Inhibition Deficits and Dysfunction of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

Katz

Sanctis

Mahoney

et al. 2010

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

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Objectives Geriatric depression is associated with frontolimbic functional deficits, and this frontal dysfunction may underlie the marked executive control deficits often seen in this population. Our goal was to assess the integrity of frontal cortical functioning in geriatric depression while these individuals performed a standard cognitive control task. The N2 component of the event-related potential (ERP), an evoked response generated within the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), is significantly enhanced when non-depressed individuals successfully inhibit a response, providing an excellent metric of frontal inhibitory function. Design We used a variant of a demanding Go/NoGo task-switching paradigm that required participants to inhibit response execution during NoGo trials by overcoming a potent response tendency established by frequent Go trials. Participants We compared a cohort of depressed geriatric outpatients (n=11) with a similarly aged group of non-depressed participants (n=11). Measurements Reaction times, accuracy and high-density ERP recordings from a 64-channel electrode montage were obtained. Results A significantly enhanced N2 to NoGo trials was observed in non-depressed elderly participants, with generators localized to the ACC. In contrast, this enhancement was strongly reduced in the depressed sample. Source-analysis and topographic mapping pointed to a displacement of N2 generators towards more posterior areas of the middle frontal gyrus in depressed subjects. Conclusions Findings confirm previous reports of an inhibitory control deficit in depressed elderly who show significantly increased rates of commission errors (i.e., failures to inhibit responses on NoGo trials). Electrophysiological data suggest underlying dysfunction in ACC as the basis for this deficit.

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Electrophysiological evidence for reduced inhibitory control in depressed patients in partial remission: A Go/Nogo study

Cited by 61 publications

References 64 publications

Electrical brain imaging reveals the expression and timing of altered error monitoring functions in major depression.

Electrical brain imaging reveals the expression and timing of altered error monitoring functions in major depression.

Reduced brain responses to novel sounds in depression: P3 findings in a novelty oddball task

Cognitive Control in Late-Life Depression: Response Inhibition Deficits and Dysfunction of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex

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