Electrophysiological evidence for the nomenclature of the pudendal nerve and sacral plexus in the male rat

Pacheco, Pablo; Camacho, Miguel Ángel Martínez; García, Luis I.; Hernández, Marı́a Elena; Carrillo, Porfirio; Manzo, Jorge

doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)00408-3

Cited by 62 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our study confirms early reports that the motor pudendal nerve bifurcates into separate fascicles that innervate the EAS and EUS (McKenna and Nadelhaft, 1986;Pacheco et al, 1989Pacheco et al, , 1997Ueyama et al, 1987). Within the proximal ischiorectal fossa, the internal obturator nerve separates the sensory and motor pudendal nerves.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Motor Pudendal Nervesupporting

confidence: 91%

Motor pudendal nerve characterization in the female rat

et al. 2001

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The aim of our study was to provide quantitative data on pudendal motor neuron cell bodies and axons in the female rat. To confirm earlier studies, fluorescent retrograde tracers were used to label the motor neurons for correlation with myelinated axon counts along the length of the motor pudendal nerve. The external urethral sphincter of female rats was injected with diamidino yellow and the external anal sphincter with fast blue. The L 6 spinal cord revealed labeled motor neurons. Those in the dorsolateral column (60.8 Ϯ 10.6) had nuclei labeled yellow from the external urethral sphincter and those in the dorsomedial column (31.7 Ϯ 8.5) had cytoplasm labeled blue from the external anal sphincter. Double labeling was not present, suggesting that pudendal motor neurons in each column innervate separate sphincters. The motor pudendal nerve in the ischiorectal fossa was also characterized by light microscopy. The mean myelinated axon count (151.4 Ϯ 17.0) was highly correlated (r ϭ 0.995) in the proximal fascicles and the sum of distal fascicles. This indicated that myelinated axons do not branch at the point where the main motor pudendal nerve branches into separate fascicles. Axon counts between sides were not as well correlated (r ϭ 0.883). The ratio of motor neurons to myelinated axons is 56%, suggesting that some myelinated axons either innervate other muscles or are sensory. This reproducible characterization of the normal pudendal nerve anatomy provides an excellent basis for experimental studies associated with pudendal nerve denervation as a model for neurogenic incontinence.

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Section: Anatomy Of the Motor Pudendal Nervesupporting

confidence: 91%

Motor pudendal nerve characterization in the female rat

et al. 2001

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“…On the other hand EUS reflex activity was not completely eliminated by crushing the pudendal nerves bilaterally (Fig. 6D, also see Kamo et al, 2004) indicating that the EUS or adjacent periurethral striated muscles that contribute to the EMG activity are innervated by other motor nerves, e.g., the muscular branch of the pelvic nerve to the illiococcygeus/pubococcygeus muscle (Kamo et al, 2004;Pacheco et al, 1989Pacheco et al, , 1997. These nerves could be involved in the pudendal-EUS reflex.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reflexes evoked by electrical stimulation of afferent axons in the pudendal nerve under empty and distended bladder conditions in urethane-anesthetized rats

Chang

Cheng

Chen

et al. 2006

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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This study examined reflex mechanisms that mediate urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter (EUS) coordination in female Sprague-Dawley urethane-anesthetized rats under empty and distended bladder conditions. The bladder was distended either by a small balloon or a saline filled catheter inserted through the body of the bladder. Stimulation of the entire pudendal nerve elicited short latency (8-12 ms) responses in the EUS and short (3-8 ms) and long latency responses (16-20 ms) in contralateral pudendal nerve. The long latency pudendal-pudendal reflex was reduced by 36.7% in area during bladder distension with the balloon catheter. However, there was no significant change in the area of pudendal-EUS reflex during bladder distension. Peak amplitudes of both reflexes were reduced 32% by bladder distension. The effects of glutamatergic receptor antagonists on the reflexes were also examined. MK801 (0.3-5 mg/kg, i.v.), an N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamatergic receptor antagonist, markedly depressed the pudendal-pudendal reflex, but LY215490 (3 mg/kg, i.v.), an alpha-amino-5-methyl isoxazole-4-propionate antagonist, had a minimal inhibitory effect. Both glutamatergic receptor antagonists significantly suppressed the pudendal-EUS reflex. These results indicate that the EUS is innervated by multiple pathways and that glutamatergic excitatory transmission is important in the neural mechanisms underlying bladder-sphincter coordination in the rat.

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“…EUS motoneurons are located in the dorsolateral nuclei, in L6-S1 spinal cord segments, and the axons travel through the motor branch of the sacral plexus, also called the motor branch of the pudendal nerve, to reach their target (Cruz et al 2004;de Groat et al 2001;Kane et al 2002;McKenna & Nadelhaft 1986;Pacheco et al 1997;Schroder 1980). The motor branch of the sacral plexus (Mb in Figure 10) emerges from a loop of the nerve, the sacral plexus (SP in Figure 10).…”

Section: Innervation Of the Eusmentioning

confidence: 99%