Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat locus coeruleus are tonically inhibited by GABA during sleep

Gervasoni, Damien; Darracq, Laurent; Fort, Patrice; Soulière, Fabienne; Chouvet, Guy; Luppi, Pierre‐Hervé

doi:10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00106.x

Cited by 184 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…We previously reported that bicuculline application on serotonergic and noradrenergic neurons during SWS or PS restores a tonic firing in both types of neurons [29][30][31]. These results strongly suggest that an increased GABA release is responsible for the PS-selective inactivation of monoaminergic neurons.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Inhibition Of Gabaergic and Monoaminergic Ps-osupporting

confidence: 53%

Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis by the brainstem is under hypothalamic control

Luppi

Olivier

Fort

2013

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

100

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Section: Mechanisms Of Inhibition Of Gabaergic and Monoaminergic Ps-osupporting

confidence: 53%

Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis by the brainstem is under hypothalamic control

Luppi

Olivier

Fort

2013

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

100

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“…However, our recordings from LC (Kubin, 2001) or A5 (Fenik et al, 2002) neurons in anesthetized, paralyzed and artificially ventilated rats revealed mean firing rates of the order of 1-2 Hz, thus slightly lower than those typically encountered in LC cells in chronically instrumented rats during quiet wakefulness (Aston- Jones and Bloom, 1981;Gervasoni et al, 1998). Therefore, it appears that the baseline level of transcriptional and/or metabolic activity is elevated in CA cells in urethaneanesthetized rats without a concomitant increase of their baseline firing rates.…”

Section: Technical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Fos expression in pontomedullary catecholaminergic cells following rapid eye movement sleep-like episodes elicited by pontine carbachol in urethane-anesthetized rats

et al. 2008

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Pontine noradrenergic neurons of the locus coeruleus (LC) and sub-coeruleus (SubC) region cease firing during rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). This plays a permissive role in the generation of REMS and may contribute to state-dependent modulation of transmission in the central nervous system. Whether all pontomedullary catecholaminergic neurons, including those in the A1/C1, A2/ C2 and A7 groups, have REMS-related suppression of activity has not been tested. We used Fos protein expression as an indirect marker of the level of neuronal activity and linear regression analysis to determine whether pontomedullary cells identified by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry have reduced Fos expression following REMS-like state induced by pontine microinjections of a cholinergic agonist, carbachol in urethane-anesthetized rats. The percentage of Fos-positive TH cells was negatively correlated with the cumulative duration of REMS-like episodes induced during 140 min prior to brain harvesting in the A7 and rostral A5 groups bilaterally (p<0.01 for both), and in SubC neurons on the side opposite to carbachol injection (p<0.05). Dorsal medullary A2/C2 neurons did not exhibit such correlation, but their Fos expression (and that in A7, rostral A5 and SubC neurons) was positively correlated with the duration of the interval between the last REMSlike episode and the time of sacrifice (p<0.05). In contrast, neither of these correlations was significant for A1/C1 or caudal A5 neurons. These findings suggest that, similar to the prototypic LC neurons, neurons of the A7, rostral A5 and A2/C2 groups have reduced or abolished activity during REMS, whereas A1/C1 and caudal A5 neurons do not have this feature. The reduced during REMS activity in A2/C2, A5 and A7 neurons, and the associated decrements in norepinephrine release, may cause state-dependent modulation of transmission in brain somato-and viscerosensory, somatomotor, and cardiorespiratory pathways.Keywords autonomic regulation; brainstem; locus coeruleus; motor control; norepinephrine *Corresponding author: Irma Rukhadze, Ph.D., Department of Animal Biology 209E/VET, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3800 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6046, USA, Tel. +215-898-6489, Fax. +215-573-5186 E-mail: rukhadze@vet.upenn.edu (I. Rukhadze). Suggested Neuroscience Section Editor (Systems Neuroscience): Dr. Miles Herkenham, NIMH, Section on Functional Neuroanatomy, Bldg. 36, Rm. 2D15, 36, Convent Dr., MSC 4070, Bethesda, MD 20892-4070, USA.Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. NIH Public Ac...

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“…Our chronic photostimulation protocol only stimulated Hcrt cells for 10 s each min, probably missing many of the REM sleep events that occurred during the 1 h stimulation period. Alternatively, postsynaptic inhibition of Hcrt target neurons, likely imposed by local GABAergic interneurons, may be more potent during REM sleep than SWS (Nitz and Siegel, 1997a,b;Gervasoni et al, 1998;Maloney et al, 1999Maloney et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep Homeostasis Modulates Hypocretin-Mediated Sleep-to-Wake Transitions

Carter¹,

Adamantidis²,

Ohtsu³

et al. 2009

J. Neurosci.

223

160

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The hypocretins (Hcrts) (also called orexins) are two neuropeptides expressed in the lateral hypothalamus that play a crucial role in the stability of wakefulness. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that in vivo photostimulation of Hcrt neurons genetically targeted with ChR2, a light-activated cation channel, was sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event during both slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In the current study, we ask whether Hcrt-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions are affected by light/dark period and sleep pressure. We found that stimulation of Hcrt neurons increased the probability of an awakening event throughout the entire light/dark period but that this effect was diminished with sleep pressure induced by 2 or 4 h of sleep deprivation. Interestingly, photostimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase activity assessed by c-Fos expression in Hcrt neurons after sleep deprivation, although this stimulation did not cause an increase in transitions to wakefulness. In addition, we found that photostimulation of Hcrt neurons increases neural activity assessed by c-Fos expression in the downstream arousal-promoting locus ceruleus and tuberomammilary nucleus but not after 2 h of sleep deprivation. Finally, stimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event in histidine decarboxylase-deficient knock-out animals. Collectively, these results suggest that the Hcrt system promotes wakefulness throughout the light/dark period by activating multiple downstream targets, which themselves are inhibited with increased sleep pressure.

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Electrophysiological evidence that noradrenergic neurons of the rat locus coeruleus are tonically inhibited by GABA during sleep

Cited by 184 publications

References 46 publications

Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis by the brainstem is under hypothalamic control

Paradoxical (REM) sleep genesis by the brainstem is under hypothalamic control

Fos expression in pontomedullary catecholaminergic cells following rapid eye movement sleep-like episodes elicited by pontine carbachol in urethane-anesthetized rats

Sleep Homeostasis Modulates Hypocretin-Mediated Sleep-to-Wake Transitions

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