Electrophysiological properties of lateral reticular nucleus cells: II. Synaptic activation

Kitai, S.T.; DeFrance, Jon F.; Hatada, Kenichi; Kennedy, D.T.

doi:10.1007/bf00237904

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Therefore, each of these areas is apparently concerned in integrating some spinal and supraspinal inputs in reverberating circuits. These conclusions agree with previous electrophysiological and anatomical findings that suggest a feedback loop between the LRN and the NI (Kitai et al, 1974;Qvist, 1989) or the red nucleus (Kitai et al, 1974). The LRN-CN feedback loops may act as excitatory circuits (Kitai et al, 1974) to maintain the background excitability of the CN against the inhibitory Purkinje cell input (Ito, 1984…”

Section: Functional Considerationssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) is one of the main precerebellar nuclei (see data and references in Ito, 1984). It receives afferent connections from the spinal cord (cat: Brodal, 1949;Morin et al, 1966;Kunzle, 1973;Clendenin et al, 1974a, b, c;Mizuno et al, 1975a ;Corvaja et al, 1977a;Hrycyshyn and Flumerfelt, 1981b, c;Westman et al, 1986;opossum: Martin et al, 1977;rat: Flumerfelt et al, 1982a, b;Menetrey et al, 1983;Shokunbi et al, 1985) and from various supraspinal centres such as the cerebral cortex, the red nucleus, the nuclei medialis and interpositalis of the cerebellum (man: Kuypers, 1958c; monkey: Kuypers, 1958b;Batton et al, 1977;cat: Walberg, 1958a, b;Kuypers, 1958a;Hinman and Carpenter, 1959;Walberg and Pompeiano, 1960;Courville, 1966;Brodal et al, 1967;Edwards, 1972;Kitai et al, 1974;Kunzle and Wiesendanger, 1974;Mizuno et al, 1975a;Corvaja et al, 1977a;Hrycyshyn and Flumerfelt, 1981a, b;Qvist et al, 1984;rabbit: Mizuno et al, 1973;opossum: Martin et al, 1977;rat: Shokunbi et al, 1986). Afferent terminals from the various afferent contingents have been found in partly overlapping regions of the LRN in both cats (Qvist, 1989) and rats (Rajakumar et al, 1992).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat

Parenti

Cicirata

Pantò

et al. 1996

Eur J of Neuroscience

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The projections of the lateral reticular nucleus (LRN) to the cerebellar nuclei were studied using the retrograde axonal transport of tetramethyl rhodamine dextran amine (10% solution in 0.01 M neutral phosphate buffer) in 19 adult Wistar strain rats. The cerebellar nuclei receive topographically organized projections from the LRN. The projections are bilateral with an ipsilateral predominance and they are symmetrical. The contralateral component is progressively larger for projections to the nuclei interpositalis, to the nucleus lateralis and to the nucleus medialis. The projections to the various cerebellar nuclei arise from rostrocaudally oriented columns of neurons located in different (partly overlapping) areas of the magnocellular division of the LRN. The nucleus lateralis receives terminals from the dorsomedial area (mainly from the rostral level of the LRN), the nuclei interpositalis from the dorsolateral area (mainly from the central level) and the nucleus medialis from the intermedioventral area (mainly from the caudal level). Afferent fibres from the small subtrigeminal division were traced to the three cerebellar nuclei and from the parvocellular division to the nuclei interpositalis and medialis. The density of the projections from the LRN to the nuclei interpositalis increases progressively with the shift of the terminal field from the rostrolateral to the caudomedial part of the nucleus. The projections to the nucleus lateralis reach principally the dorsolateral hump, whereas only a few neurons project to the other divisions (parvo- and magnocellular). The projections to the various regions of the nucleus medialis show different densities. The highest density was found for projections to the caudal part, in particular to the dorsolateral protuberance and to the ventrolateral area of the middle division. Conversely, a low density of projections was found for the other areas of the middle division. The regions of the magnocellular division of the LRN which project to the nuclei lateralis (and are thus related to the cerebral cortex), interpositalis (related to the red nucleus) and medialis (related to the spinal cord) also receive afferent terminals from the cerebral cortex, the red nucleus and the spinal cord respectively, in addition to various afferent inputs. Thus, each of these areas is apparently concerned with integrating some spinal and supraspinal information in reverberating circuits.

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Section: Functional Considerationssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat

Parenti

Cicirata

Pantò

et al. 1996

Eur J of Neuroscience

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“…6B). Notably, our LRN stimulation never evoked antidromic activation of DCN cells (N = 29), contradicting the conclusions of [34] regarding the existence of a DCN-LRN projection. The relatively large spike increase that we observed, despite the small peak amplitude of the evoked EPSPs, could be explained by a potentially non-linear depolarization-to-spike coupling due to the NMDA receptor-dependent component of the MF responses of DCN cells [35].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 90%

Specific Relationship between Excitatory Inputs and Climbing Fiber Receptive Fields in Deep Cerebellar Nuclear Neurons

Bengtsson

Jörntell

2014

PLoS ONE

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Many mossy fiber pathways to the neurons of the deep cerebellar nucleus (DCN) originate from the spinal motor circuitry. For cutaneously activated spinal neurons, the receptive field is a tag indicating the specific motor function the spinal neuron has. Similarly, the climbing fiber receptive field of the DCN neuron reflects the specific motor output function of the DCN neuron. To explore the relationship between the motor information the DCN neuron receives and the output it issues, we made patch clamp recordings of DCN cell responses to tactile skin stimulation in the forelimb region of the anterior interposed nucleus in vivo. The excitatory responses were organized according to a general principle, in which the DCN cell responses became stronger the closer the skin site was located to its climbing fiber receptive field. The findings represent a novel functional principle of cerebellar connectivity, with crucial importance for our understanding of the function of the cerebellum in movement coordination.

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“…As discussed above, spinal terminations within the LRt are arranged somatotopically and this somatotopic organization is conserved by LRt projections to the cerebellum (e.g., see Alstermark and Ekerot, 2013 ). Most LRt cells receive convergent inputs from different spinal and brain systems (e.g., see Kitai et al, 1974 ) and therefore the LRt has an integrative function. The cells forming SRT projections to the LRt are located principally in laminae VI, VII, and X where many last order premotor interneurons are located ( Tripodi et al, 2011 ) and therefore one of the functions of this pathway may be to monitor activity of such interneurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The spino-bulbar-cerebellar pathway: organization and neurochemical properties of spinal cells that project to the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat

Huma

Maxwell

2015

Front. Neuroanat.

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In addition to classical spinocerebellar pathways, the cerebellum receives information from the spinal cord indirectly via spino-bulbar-cerebellar systems. One of the structures in this pathway is the lateral reticular nucleus (LRt). We performed series of experiments to investigate the organization and neurotransmitter content of spinoreticular tract (SRT) neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that project to the LRt. Three rats received injections of the b subunit of Cholera toxin (CTb) or Fluorogold (FG) within the left and right LRt. The majority of SRT cells (56–61%) were found within the contralateral medial intermediate gray matter where small numbers (7–10%) of double-labeled cells were also present on both sides of the cord. Six rats received unilateral spinal injections of CTb to label spinal projections to the LRt. Injections of FG were made also into the anterior lobe of the cerebellum to label LRt pre-cerebellar neurons. Terminals were found mainly ipsilateral to spinal injection sites within the central and ventrolateral regions of the LRt. Immunocytochemical analysis of SRT terminals revealed that the majority (75%) were contained vesicular glutamate transporter 2 but a minority (20%) contained the vesicular GABA transporter. The inhibitory subpopulation was found to be GABAergic, glycinergic, or contained both transmitters. Inhibitory and excitatory terminals were present within overlapping regions of the nucleus. Most CTb terminals contacting LRt pre-cerebellar neurons were excitatory (80%) whereas a minority were inhibitory and most cells (88%) received contacts from both inhibitory and excitatory terminals. This study shows that SRT axons in the LRt have the capacity to exert direct excitatory and inhibitory actions on LRt pre-cerebellar neurons. Thus spinal cord input has the capacity to facilitate or depress the activity of individual LRt cells which in turn adjust activity in the cerebellum to produce coordinated motor behaviors.

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Electrophysiological properties of lateral reticular nucleus cells: II. Synaptic activation

Cited by 25 publications

References 62 publications

The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat

The Projections of the Lateral Reticular Nucleus to the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei. An Experimental Analysis in the Rat

Specific Relationship between Excitatory Inputs and Climbing Fiber Receptive Fields in Deep Cerebellar Nuclear Neurons

The spino-bulbar-cerebellar pathway: organization and neurochemical properties of spinal cells that project to the lateral reticular nucleus in the rat

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