Electrophysiological studies in Internet addiction: A review within the dual-process framework

Evidences from Rewarding System, FRN and P300 Effect in Internet-Addiction in Young People

“…That is, a sovraestimation of the rewarding effect in case of the appearance of addiction related-cues increases the dysfunctional behavior [ 54 , 55 ]. Similar deficit in error-related effects were found also in other research who considered Error-Related Negativiy (ERN), with a consistent reduction of ERN for higher IAT [ 7 ] .…”

“…Thirdly, it was revealed that reward motivation significantly correlates with drug addiction, specifically for young people [ 23 , 24 ].The reward deficit syndrome was proposed as a possible contributing factor to the development of substance abuse disorders [ 18 ], since addiction may be related to greater receptiveness to the reinforcing effect of drugs and other similar rewarding stimuli [ 16 , 22 ]. Also for IA this dysfunction was observed in recent research (see [ 6 , 7 ] for a complete review).…”

“…Internet addiction (IA) was classified as one category of behavioral addiction, representing a specific impairment that involves online and/or offline web misuse, and it is mainly relevant for young generations [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. It was considered as an impulse control disorder [ 4 , 5 , 6 ] with significant impairment of relevant executive functions [ 7 ]. A second main aspect implicated in IA is a deficit in the rewarding mechanism, since it was shown to induce a “reward bias” for potential rewarding cues, such as videogames or web gambling stimuli [ 8 , 9 , 10 ].…”

Impaired Empathy Processing in Individuals with Internet Addiction Disorder: An Event-Related Potential Study

“…Internet addiction disorder (IAD) has been described as an inability to control internet use despite severe negative consequences and is generally conceptualized as a behavioral addiction ( Tam and Walter, 2013 ; D’Hondt et al, 2015 ; Kuss and Lopez-Fernandez, 2016 ), representing a specific impairment that involves online and/or offline web misuse, and it is mainly relevant for young generations ( Grant et al, 2010 ; Balconi et al, 2017 ). Although whether IAD is a mental disorder per se is still controversial, the public health and social issues related to IAD are clear and the neural correlates of IAD have begun to be explored ( D’Hondt and Maurage, 2015 ).…”

Twenty years of Internet addiction … Quo Vadis?

“…This is no place (and space) for a comprehensive review on the topic. Suffice it to say that, in addition to individual research articles from America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania, there are now a number of published narrative and even a few systematic reviews on almost every aspect of Internet addiction, including its concept and historical perspective,[ 8 9 ] diagnostic criteria,[ 10 ] epidemiology,[ 11 ] psychosocial and neuropsychological aspects,[ 12 13 ] neurobiological aspects,[ 13 14 15 16 17 ] and management, both pharmacological and nonpharmacological. [ 18 19 ] It appears that the issue is, at least partly, resolved, and that we have sufficient power in our knowledge base to conceptualize, detect, diagnose, characterize, treat, and prognosticate something called Internet addiction.…”