Electrophysiology and intelligence: the electrophysiology of intellectual functions in intellectual disability

Martı́n-Loeches, Manuel; Muñoz‐Ruata, J.; Martínez‐Lebrusant, L.; Gómez-Jarabo, Gregorio

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2001.00292.x

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The findings in this study are consistent with other studies that have shown a positive relationship between the amplitude of the EEG and intelligence; especially in the low to mid alpha frequency range 9–10 Hz [Giannitrapani,1985; Jausovec and Jausovec,2001; Marosi et al, 1994; Martin‐Loeches et al,2001; Thatcher et al,1998,2001,2005]. The results are also consistent with the study of Jausovec and Jausovec [2003] that showed a positive relationship between current density and IQ using LORETA although only relative currents (50% above maximum) were reported.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intelligence and EEG current density using low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)

Thatcher¹,

North²,

Biver³

2006

Human Brain Mapping

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Abstract:The purpose of this study was to compare EEG current source densities in high IQ subjects vs. low IQ subjects. Resting eyes closed EEG was recorded from 19 scalp locations with a linked ears reference from 442 subjects ages 5 to 52 years. The Wechsler Intelligence Test was administered and subjects were divided into low IQ (Յ90), middle IQ (Ͼ90 to Ͻ120) and high IQ (Ն120) groups. Low-resolution electromagnetic tomographic current densities (LORETA) from 2,394 cortical gray matter voxels were computed from 1-30 Hz based on each subject's EEG. Differences in current densities using t tests, multivariate analyses of covariance, and regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships between IQ and current density in Brodmann area groupings of cortical gray matter voxels. Frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions of interest (ROIs) consistently exhibited a direct relationship between LORETA current density and IQ. Maximal t test differences were present at 4 Hz, 9 Hz, 13 Hz, 18 Hz, and 30 Hz with different anatomical regions showing different maxima. Linear regression fits from low to high IQ groups were statistically significant (P Ͻ 0.0001). Intelligence is directly related to a general level of arousal and to the synchrony of neural populations driven by thalamo-cortical resonances. A traveling frame model of sequential microstates is hypothesized to explain the results. Hum Brain Mapp 28: 118 -133, 2007.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Intelligence and EEG current density using low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)

Thatcher¹,

North²,

Biver³

2006

Human Brain Mapping

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“…In order to minimize multiple comparison testing with EEG analysis, we initially focused on EEG power and coherence in the beta frequency (12–24 Hz) band, given previously published correlations between these measures and neurodevelopmental outcomes8. We also focused on the frontal brain regions because of the established role of the frontal cortex in higher‐level cognitive functioning16. For the purposes of the EEG analyses, a per‐test (eight tests were considered a priori ) alpha value of 0.006 was used to ensure a family‐wise Type I error rate of 0.05.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal cerebrovascular resistance and neonatal EEG predict 18‐month neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with congenital heart disease

Williams

Tarullo

Grieve

et al. 2012

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate early markers of risk for neurobehavioral compromise in congenital heart disease (CHD) survivors. Methods Fetuses < 24 wks gestational age (GA) were enrolled in this prospective pilot study for serial Doppler assessment of the middle cerebral and umbilical artery. The cerebral-to-placental resistance ratio (CPR) and MCA pulsatility index (PI) z-scores for GA were calculated. After birth, subjects underwent high-density (128-lead) electroencephalogram (EEG) and beta frequency (12–24Hz) band EEG power, a measure of local neural synchrony, was analyzed. Neurodevelopment was assessed at 18-months with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development III (BSID). Results 13 subjects were enrolled: 4 with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), 4 with transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and 5 with tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Compared with subjects with normal CPR, those with CPR<1(N=7) had lower mean BSID cognitive scores (91.4±4.8 vs. 99.2±3.8, p=.008). Fetal MCA PI z-score also correlated with BSID cognitive score (r=.589, p=0.044) as did neonatal EEG left frontal polar (r=.58, p=.037) and left frontal (r=.77,p=.002) beta power. Furthermore, fetal Doppler measures were associated with EEG power: fetuses with CPR<1 had lower left frontal polar (t=2.36, p=.038) and left frontal (t=2.85, p=.016) beta power as newborns compared with fetuses with normal CPR, and fetal MCA PI z-score correlated with neonatal EEG left frontal polar (r=.596, p=.04) and left frontal (r=.598, p=.04) beta power. Conclusions In CHD fetuses with HLHS, TGA, and TOF, abnormal cerebrovascular resistance predicted decreased neonatal EEG left frontal beta power and lower 18-mo cognitive development scores.

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“…Subjects with ID have variable scores in perceptual and visual reasoning tests, which probably depend on the degree of brain function impairment and correlate with the N1a wave. On the other hand, it is known that people with ID, on average, have an abnormal frontal activity shown by increased power in the frontal slow waves irrespective of the disability aetiology (Martín‐Loeches et al . 2001; Gasser et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual perception and frontal lobe in intellectual disabilities: a study with evoked potentials and neuropsychology

Muñoz‐Ruata

Caro-Martínez²,

Perez

et al. 2010

J intellect Disabil Res

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The systematic correlations, produced by the target stimulus in perceptual abilities tasks, with the N1a (frontal) and not with N1b (posterior), suggest that the visual perception process involves frontal participation. These correlations support the idea that the N1a and N1b are not equivalent. The relationship between frontal functions and early stages of visual perception is revised and discussed, as well as the frontal contribution with the neuropsychological tests used. A possible relationship between the frontal activity dysfunction in ID and perceptive problems is suggested. Perceptive alteration observed in persons with ID could indeed be because of altered sensory areas, but also to a failure in the frontal participation of perceptive processes conceived as elaborations inside reverberant circuits of perception-action.

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Electrophysiology and intelligence: the electrophysiology of intellectual functions in intellectual disability

Cited by 20 publications

References 25 publications

Intelligence and EEG current density using low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)

Intelligence and EEG current density using low‐resolution electromagnetic tomography (LORETA)

Fetal cerebrovascular resistance and neonatal EEG predict 18‐month neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with congenital heart disease

Visual perception and frontal lobe in intellectual disabilities: a study with evoked potentials and neuropsychology

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