Electrophysiology of Mental Activities

Jacobson, Edmund

doi:10.2307/1414531

Cited by 283 publications

(113 citation statements)

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“…Patients have longer reaction times when the hand, which must be mentally rotated, corresponds to the limb in pain [45], in agreement with evidence for anatomical 'constraints' during mental rotation of body parts [39]. Inflow in this context refers to initial sensory information conveying sensation and proprioception [44] rather than muscular inflow [22,23]. The role of muscular inflow is implicit in psychoneuromuscular theory [32], which derives support from research showing increased muscle activation during internal (kinesthetic) imagery [16].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Fourkas

Ionta

Aglioti

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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Single pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was used to test the assumption that kinesthetic imagery of action is more 'motor' than visual imagery of action. We assessed corticospinal excitability during motor imagery of a thumb-palm opposition movement by recording potentials evoked by TMS from two hand muscles that would (opponens pollicis, OP, target) or would not (abductor digiti minimi, ADM, control) be activated during actual performance of the very same movement. Participants were asked to imagine the thumb-palm opposition movement while maintaining first person imagery that was either purely visual or predominately kinesthetic. The motor imagery task was performed in two conditions in which the imagined and the actual hand could be either congruent or incongruent. Facilitation of potentials recorded from OP was higher during imagery carried out in mentally congruent than incongruent postures. This effect was largely due to lack of excitability recorded during incongruent kinesthetic imagery, which was indistinguishable from baseline imagery of the static hand. All other conditions differed from static imagery regardless of position. No significant effects were found in a control muscle (ADM) thus indicating that the effect was not related to spatial coding. Subjective reports obtained after the experiment indicate that the results cannot be ascribed to qualitative differences in the imagery experienced. For relatively simple motor tasks requiring no 'expertise' we found no detectable difference in the motor cortex due to imagery modality.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 52%

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Fourkas

Ionta

Aglioti

2006

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…We observed no electromyographic activity with ISM. Others have reported even task-specific patterns of electromyographic activity with ISM [17,34]. Decety [6] used magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and found no evidence for biochemical activation in the target muscle during ISM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ISM was performed in the absence of overt movements. Subthreshold, task-specific muscular activity during ISM has been reported in some studies [17,34] but not in others (e.g. [27]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

Lang¹,

Cheyne

Höllinger³

et al. 1996

Cognitive Brain Research

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Methods of functional brain imaging have been used to identify brain structures which are active during internal simulation of movements (ISM). Between 1977 and 1993 it was consistently reported that the primary motor cortex (MI) is not active during ISM whereas other cortical areas, in particular the supplementary motor area (SMA) are active. ISM was assumed to be a situation of 'internal programming'. Brain systems involved in ISM or 'programming' were hypothesized to be superior to and separable from 'executive system' including MI. We have studied electric and magnetic fields of the brain when subjects internally simulated either a single movement or a sequence of movements. Results of the studies are consistent with the assumption that MI is active with ISM. Internally subjects experienced effort which was required to inhibit overt movements during ISM. A recent EEG study showed different patterns of cortical activity with ISM and with movement inhibition suggesting that different brain structures may be active during ISM and movement inhibition [23].

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“…Indeed being told to imagine a certain movement causes muscle contractions consistent with that movement (Wegner et al, 2004, p. 847;Jacobson, 1932). Could these movements and the accompanying comparisons cause a sense of agency over the seen movement of the arms?…”

Section: Wegner's Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The case for the comparator model as an explanation of the sense of agency and its breakdowns

Carruthers

2012

Consciousness and Cognition

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a b s t r a c t I compare Frith and colleagues' influential comparator account of how the sense of agency is elicited to the multifactorial weighting model advocated by Synofzik and colleagues. I defend the comparator model from the common objection that the actual sensory consequences of action are not needed to elicit the sense of agency. I examine the comparator model's ability to explain the performance of healthy subjects and those suffering from delusions of alien control on various self-attribution tasks. It transpires that the comparator model needs case-by-case adjustment to deal with problematic data. In response to this, the multifactorial weighting model of Synofzik and colleagues is introduced. Although this model is incomplete, it is more naturally constrained by the cases that are problematic for the comparator model. However, this model may be untestable. I conclude that currently the comparator model approach has stronger support than the multifactorial weighting model approach.

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Electrophysiology of Mental Activities

Cited by 283 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Influence of imagined posture and imagery modality on corticospinal excitability

Electric and magnetic fields of the brain accompanying internal simulation of movement

The case for the comparator model as an explanation of the sense of agency and its breakdowns

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