Electropolymerized Azines: A New Group of Electroactive Polymers

Is the poly (methylene blue)-modified glassy carbon electrode an adequate electrode for the simple detection of thiols and amino acid-based molecules?

“…This is possible due to various functions attributed to the CMEs, such as selective interactions [4], electrocatalysis of redox reactions with slow electron transfer on the electrode substrate [4,5], selectivity [4], and the development of biosensors and immunosensors [5][6][7][8], as well as stability, reproducibility, and applicability [9,10].…”

“…In the electropolymerization of the methylene blue (MB), a phenothiazine dye in the azines group, growth rates increase as the pH increased, indicating the basic solutions to be optimal media for polymerization. These unique properties of MB electropolymerization and the structure of the monomer molecule allowed one to hypothesize that poly (methylene blue) (PMB) is a representative of a new group of electroactive polymers [7,10,13].…”

“…The synthesis of CPs by electrochemical methods-electropolymerization, in particular-involves the anodic oxidation of a monomer dissolved in an electrolyte by applying an appropriate external potential, usually the oxidation potential of monomers to form cation-radical species [10]. The electroactive polymer film was deposited on the electrode substrate (i.e.…”

“…The electroactive polymer film was deposited on the electrode substrate (i.e. glassy carbon or platinum) in its oxidized state, and the positive charges along the structural skeleton of the polymer were compensated for by anions in the supporting electrolyte [10,11].…”

Enzymatic biofuel cells: 30 years of critical advancements

“…However, NAD(P)H has poor electrochemistry on most common electrode surfaces (i.e. carbon, gold, and platinum) with overpotentials of 0.5-1 V and quick passivation of electrode surfaces (Karyakin et al, 1999a). The late 1980s and early 1990s resulted in a wealth of research on modifying electrodes for improving NADH oxidation, so that NAD-dependent dehydrogenases could be used at the anode of biofuel cells (Gorton et al, 1984;Karyakin et al, 1999aKaryakin et al, , , 1999bPersson et al, 1985).…”