Electropolymerized polyaniline: A promising hole selective contact in organic photoelectrochemical cells

Belarb, Eya; Blas‐Ferrando, Vicente M.; Haro, Marta; Maghraoui-Meherzi, H.; Giménez, Sixto

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2016.06.055

Cited by 26 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…[66] When the device was incorporated with the PANI films as the AIL, the PCE of the device increased from 0.75% (bare ITO; namely, AIL-free) to 1.78%, showing the effective AIL performance of the PANI films. [68] In addition, Jang et al demonstrated that PANI could also be used as the AIL in the inverted transparent flexible OSC, similarly displaying the superior AIL property of PANI. Furthermore, as the device was incorporated with the PANI/ PEDOT:PSS films as AIL, the PCE of the device could further increase to 2.76%.…”

Section: Polyanilinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, Akiyama and co‐workers used an electrodeposited PANI film as the AIL in the OSC with a device structure of Al/TiO 2 /P3HT:PCBM/PANI /ITO, also demonstrating the availability of PANI as hole transfer materials . Gimenez et al also reported the preparation of the PANI thin films by electrochemical polymerization on ITO substrates in an acidic medium at room temperature, and made a systematic modification of the synthesis parameters for optimizing the performance of hole selective contacts . In addition, Jang et al demonstrated that PANI could also be used as the AIL in the inverted transparent flexible OSC, similarly displaying the superior AIL property of PANI …”

Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

101

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With appropriate charge transport layers, one can rationally engineer the driving force, which generally refers to the built-in electric field in devices, so that electrons and holes can be effectively extracted to their respective electrodes, and thereby maximize the efficiency of OSCs. [4] There are two main types of charge transport materials that are commonly used in OSCs: anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials for hole collection and electron transport layer (ETL) materials for electron collection. However, at present, the development of AIL materials is comparatively lagging, as compared to ETL materials. For ETL materials, many materials, such as low-work-function metal, [5] small-molecule organic compounds, [6] nonconjugated and conjugated polymers, [7] and transition metal oxides (TMO), [8] have been proven effective in improving the electron collection efficiency in OSCs. In sharp contrast, only a few materials, such as poly(3,4ethylenedioxythiophene): (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) [9] and MoO 3 , [10] have been extensively used as AILs in OSCs. Generally, the AIL serves two functions: 1) Improving the selectivity and efficiency of hole transport and collection. First, by using AILs, the work function (W F ) of the anode can be effectively enhanced, which helps to construct a built-in electric field in the device with the combination of a low-W F cathode. The built-in electric field provides the fundamental driving force that transfers holes to the anode, where the holes are subsequently collected (Figure 1a). [11] Second, with the modification of the AILs, the W F of the anode can be enhanced to be higher than the positive integer charge-transfer state (E ICT + ) of the donor, in which case the Fermi-level pinning to the E ICT + level occurs to reduce the hole collection barrier at the anode interface (Figure 1b). [12] Third, AILs should effectively block the electrons, reducing the charge recombination at the interface. [13] 2) Improving the physical contact between the anodes and the active layers. With the modification of AILs, the hydrophilic surface of anodes can be changed, which enhances the wettability and film quality of the active layers deposited on the anode surfaces. Moreover, the anode surface can be smoothed by an AIL to passivate surface defects and pinholes, which decreases the leakage current of the OSC devices. To efficiently realize the above functions, AIL materials should possess several characteristics, including a high W F value, exceptional optical transparency, excellent hole In recent years, solution-processed conjugated polymers have been extensively used as anode interfacial layer (AIL) materials in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to their excellent film-forming property and low-temperature processing advantages. In this review, the authors focus on the recent advances in conjugated polymers as AIL materials in OSCs. Several of the main classes of solution-processable conjugated polymers, including poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):(styrenesulfonate), polyaniline, polyt...

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Section: Polyanilinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solution Processable Conjugated Polymers As Ail Materials Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution‐Processable Conjugated Polymers as Anode Interfacial Layer Materials for Organic Solar Cells

Hou

2018

Advanced Energy Materials

101

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“…The electropolymerization of aniline in acidic media has been studied commonly. 26 The aniline solution was generally prepared in acidic aqueous media for electropolymerization in the literature as it is known that polyaniline is not electrochemically active in higher pH (pH < 4). 30 However, polyaniline was electrodeposited in non-aqueous neutral electrolyte in this study.…”

Section: Growth Of Pani From Acidic Aqueous and Deep Eutectic Solvementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additional properties, such as, flexible, stretchable and electrochromic behavior may be studied for multifunctional material use 25 . The need for flexible materials has increased significantly in wearable products, and portable energy storage devices 26 . Thus, flexible carbon‐based cloth, plastics, papers and metal sheets have been used as flexible electrodes for energy storage devices 27 and reviews about flexible materials for supercapacitor applications have been published recently 28,29 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The use of polyaniline films on flexible tape for supercapacitor applications

2020

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A sticky surface of a tape was adhered to a graphite surface and then the tape was peeled off. The insulator tape was coated with thin graphite and became conductive in order to use flexible tape as a current collector. Aniline was electrodeposited onto a flexible tape substrate having graphite layer by electrochemical polymerization method from an aqueous (H 2 SO 4 solution containing aniline monomers) and non-aqueous media (a deep eutectic solvent containing aniline). The prepared polymeric electrodes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The electrochemical properties of coated and uncoated electrodes were also examined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge discharge techniques. The polyaniline (PANI) coated tape can be used as a flexible electrode in supercapacitor applications because PANI coated electrodes are highly electroactive in Na 2 SO 4 electrolyte. After 3000 cycles, the capacitance retention of PANI film electrodeposited from Ethaline bath was 90%, while the areal capacitance of PANI film obtained from acidic medium reaches 50% after 500 cycles. As PANI electrode is stable in an ionic liquid for long cycling, Ethaline ionic liquid can be used as electrolyte for PANI based supercapacitor electrode. PANI coated graphite on tape, which is prepared in an easy and inexpensive way is a promising flexible material for high performance supercapacitors.

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“…PEDOT:PSS, polyaniline, MoO 3 , CuI). 26,[38][39][40] For example, MoO 3 is commonly used as HSL in OPV devices but encounters problems with intercalation and irreversible reduction into sub-stoichiometric phases of MoO 3Àx -OH x and MoO 2 , which have unfavourable energy alignment. Hence the strategy of using oxide protective layers was a logical adoption from the inorganic PEC water splitting eld, which is essential when using corrosion-sensitive materials such as Cu 2 O.…”

Section: Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%