2000
DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00223-6
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Electroporation-mediated delivery of 3′-protected phosphodiester oligodeoxynucleotides to the skin

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Cited by 30 publications
(13 citation statements)
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“…Topically applied oligonucleotides and DNA do not penetrate normal human SC, but removal of SC by tape stripping led to extensive penetration of oligonucleotides and DNA throughout the epidermis. Regnier et al [14] compared oligonucleotide penetration through intact and stripped hairless rat skin. Stripping increased the oligonucleotide concentration by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude (24-to 166-fold increase; table 2).…”
Section: Tape Stripping Versus Percutaneous Absorption and Penetrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…Topically applied oligonucleotides and DNA do not penetrate normal human SC, but removal of SC by tape stripping led to extensive penetration of oligonucleotides and DNA throughout the epidermis. Regnier et al [14] compared oligonucleotide penetration through intact and stripped hairless rat skin. Stripping increased the oligonucleotide concentration by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude (24-to 166-fold increase; table 2).…”
Section: Tape Stripping Versus Percutaneous Absorption and Penetrationmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To increase permeability, chemical and physical approaches have been examined to decrease barrier properties. Physical approaches for skin penetration enhancement such as stripping [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], iontophoresis [13] and electroporation [13,14] have been evaluated. In addition, penetration enhancers and vesicle systems had been used to enhance permeability [15][16][17].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…To increase permeability, chemical and physical approaches have been examined to lower SC barrier properties. These approaches include tape stripping [4][5][6][7] , iontophoresis [8][9][10] , electroporation [8,9,[11][12][13][14] and vesicular systems, such as liposomes and niosomes [15][16][17][18] .Among these approaches, liposomes (phospholipidbased artifi cial vesicles) and niosomes (non-ionic surfactant vesicles) are widely used to enhance drug permeation across the skin in cosmetic and dermatologic fi elds. In addition to conventional liposomes and niosomes, proliposomes and proniosomes are also used to enhance TT drug delivery.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mechanism of entry depends to some extent on ON chemistry; nonionic ONs such as methylphosphonates enter cells by passive diffusion in a concentration-dependent manner (Regnier et al, 2000), while ionic ONs such as unmodified phosphodiesters and phosphorothioates enter via receptor-mediated endocytosis (Yakubov et al, 1989). Zelphati and Szoka (1996) demonstrated that release of ONs from endosomes does not require acidification of the vesicles and that release takes place in the early stages of endocytosis, probably at the early endosome (EE) stage where vesicle pH ranges between 6.3 and 6.8 (Mellman, 1996).…”
Section: Cell Culture Studies With Onsmentioning
confidence: 99%