Electroretinographic assessment of early retinopathy in rats

Maertins, T.; Kroetlinger, F.; Sander, Erich; Pauluhn, Jürgen; Machemer, L.

doi:10.1007/bf01973682

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In dogs, we have already reported the applicability of the LED system in beagles [8] . In rats, most authors dealing with ERG in retinal toxicity studies have conventionally recorded only MR and OP [9][10][11] . Although a few reports have appeared which deal with the 5 responses [12,13] , no reports have appeared which deal with these 5 responses using the LED system in rats.…”

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confidence: 99%

Full-Field Electroretinography Obtained Using a Contact Lens Electrode with Built-In High-Intensity White-Light-Emitting Diodes Can Be Utilized in Toxicological Assessments in Rats

et al. 2009

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Full-field electroretinography (ERG) using contact lenses with built-in LED was performed on albino rats, and used to evaluate the visual toxicity of sodium iodate (NaIO₃). Experiment 1 was carried out to determine the optimal conditions in rats relating to stimulus intensity, background illumination, and light adaptation period. As a result, we found that a full-field ERG was recorded under the following conditions: stimulus intensity: –3.5 log cd s/m² in rod response; background intensity and light adaptation period: 10 cd/m² and 10 min in cone and flicker responses. Experiment 2 was carried out to confirm the usefulness of full-field ERG using rats with retinal toxicities induced by NaIO₃. Male rats were given NaIO₃ intravenously at a dose of 50 mg/kg. ERG was recorded before administration and after 3, 8, 24 h, and 7 days of administration, and histopathological analysis was conducted after 8 h of administration. The rod response disappeared completely at 3 h, based on a reduced maximal response and oscillatory potentials. On the other hand, cone and flicker responses were still present at 8 h. All responses disappeared on the 7th day. These findings indicate that the retinal toxicity induced by NaIO₃ was expressed first in rods, followed by cones. There were no microscopical changes after 8 h of administration, although the rod responses had completely disappeared by this time. These results suggest that full-field ERG in rats using an LED contact lens is useful for the separate evaluation of toxic effects on rods and cones.

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confidence: 99%

Full-Field Electroretinography Obtained Using a Contact Lens Electrode with Built-In High-Intensity White-Light-Emitting Diodes Can Be Utilized in Toxicological Assessments in Rats

et al. 2009

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“…However, functional retinal deficits are detected best with electroretinography (ERG). This noninvasive clinical method reveals changes even before structural damage is morphologically detected (Maertins et al 1993). Even when inspection of the fundus is troubled by opalescence of the ocular media, ERG is possible.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ophthalmologic examination in systemic toxicity studies: an overview

Kuiper¹,

Boevé

Jansen

et al. 1997

Lab Anim

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SummaryThe procedures of ophthalmologic examination used by the authors during systemic toxicity studies in laboratory animals are presented in this paper. The present international guidelines with respect to the requirements for ophthalmological examination are given in an overview. A list of proposed keywords is included which may be used in describing ocular changes. KeywordsOphthalmoscopej mydriatic agentj systemic toxicity studiesj restrainingj funduscopy; terminology; guidelines; morphology; physiology Ophthalmologic examination has become a routine procedure in systemic toxicity studies, since it is required by many authorities. Most veterinary surgeons are trained in ophthalmologic examination of companion animals but they have little experience with this type of examination in laboratory animals. Veterinary surgeons in a number of industries in The Netherlands and Belgium, involved in toxicity testing, felt the need to pool their knowledge and experience in order to establish a sound handling of all aspects of ophthalmologic examination. This concerned equipment, procedures, terminology and the various guidelines for systemic toxicity studies. The results of these discussions are presented in the present paper. Materials and methods Equipment Schirmer tear test stripsMydriatic agent

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“…Much later, significant advance of diagnostic tools, such as electroretinographic assessment of early retinopathy in rats (Maertins et al 1993 ), triggered a new era of research on retinotoxins, by combining morphological and physiological methods (Nyska et al 1992 ). Examples of toxicants examined are 2-hexanediol (Bäckström et al 1993 , 1998 ; Nylen et al 1993 ) and the antibacterial agent sitafloxacin (Shimoda et al 2001 ).…”

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confidence: 99%