Electroretinographic responses and retrograde changes of retinal morphology after intracranial optic nerve section. A quantitative analysis in the cat

Holländer, Horstmar; Bisti, Silvia; Maffei, Lamberto; Hebel, Rudolf

doi:10.1007/bf00235279

Cited by 111 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…demonstrated selective loss of the pattern ERG, but not the uniform-field ERG, several months after sectioning the optic nerve in cat as well as in monkey. The time course of pattern ERG loss correlated well with the onset of retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells in cat and led to the proposal that the pattern ERG, unlike the uniform-field ERG, might reflect retinal ganglion cell activity Hollander, Bisti, Maffei & Hebel, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current source density analysis of linear and non‐linear components of the primate electroretinogram.

Baker¹,

Hess²,

Olsen³

et al. 1988

The Journal of Physiology

117

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SUMMARY1. Wte have used the method of current source density analysis to locate the generators of harmonic electroretinogram (ERG) responses to contrast-modulated pattern and uniform-field stimuli in the primate retina.2. Sinusoidal steady-state analysis was used, with a stimulus temporal frequency of 8 Hz. Fundamental and second-harmonic response components were measured for the uniform-field response. The second harmonic of the average of contrast-reversal pattern responses obtained at a series of spatial phases was also determined in the same experiments. In addition, retinal tissue resistance was measured. All of these measurements were obtained at a series of equally spaced depths in the retina.3. Retinal resistivity was not observed to vary systematically with depth. In addition, any plausible undetected inhomogeneities of resistivity with depth were found to slightly affect the relative magnitudes of estimated current sources and sinks, but to have little effect on their localization.4. In a given penetration, the phase lag of each harmonic component was relatively constant with depth in most cases; however the magnitude of this phase lag sometimes varied in different penetrations. To compare data from different penetrations, the constant phase lag for each harmonic was estimated, and the response data phase-shifted so as to bring all data into a standard (cosine) phase.5. The resulting current source density analyses were found to be quite consistent in overall form for different penetrations and in different animals. These data were averaged to obtain a final estimate of the depth profiles for generators of different ERG components.6. The uniform-field fundamental response was found to have a predominant source-sink pair in the distal half of the retina (receptor layer to outer plexiform layer). The pattern (second-harmonic) response generators had a quite different depth profile, consisting mainly of a source-sink pair in the proximal 20% of the retina (encompassing the nerve fibre layer to the middle of the inner plexiform layer).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current source density analysis of linear and non‐linear components of the primate electroretinogram.

Baker¹,

Hess²,

Olsen³

et al. 1988

The Journal of Physiology

117

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“…8 An experimental way to study retinal transneuronal degeneration is using optic nerve axotomy. While few animal studies failed to find pathologic changes distal to GCL after optic nerve axotomy 9,10 a reduction of the inner nuclear layer after long survival times has been demonstrated by Hollander et al 11 Optic neuropathies such as glaucoma and optic neuritis damage axons of retinal ganglion cells, which causes retrograde axonal degeneration and finally results in neuronal death. One should not, however, expect to find changes in inner nuclear layer compared with healthy individuals unless it caused by retinal transsynaptic degeneration.…”

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confidence: 99%

Transsynaptic Retinal Degeneration in Optic Neuropathies: Optical Coherence Tomography Study

Sriram

Graham

Wang³

et al. 2012

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PURPOSE.Recently demonstrated neuronal loss in the inner nuclear layer of the retina in multiple sclerosis (MS) and glaucoma raises the question of a primary (possibly immune-mediated) or secondary (transsynaptic) mechanism of retinal damage in these diseases. In the present study we used optical coherence tomography to investigate retrograde retinal transsynaptic degeneration in patients with long-standing and severe loss of ganglion cells due to optic neuropathy. METHODS. Fifteen eyes of glaucoma patients with visual field defect limited to upper hemifield and 15 eyes of MS patients with previous episode of optic neuritis (ON) and extensive loss of ganglion cells were imaged using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and compared with two groups of age-matched controls. Combined retinal ganglion cell layer/ inner plexiform layer (GCL/IPL) thickness and inner nuclear layer (INL) thickness were analyzed. RESULTS. In the glaucoma group there was a significant (P ϭ 0.0005) reduction of GCL/IPL thickness in the lower (affected) retina compared with normal controls; however INL thickness was not statistically reduced (P ϭ 0.49). In the MS group reduction of GCL/IPL thickness in both hemifields of ON eyes was also significant (P ϭ 0.0001 and P Ͻ 0.0001 for inferior and superior retina respectively). However, similar to the glaucomatous eyes, there was no significant reduction of INL thickness in both hemifields (P ϭ 0.25 and P ϭ 0.45). CONCLUSIONS. This study demonstrates no significant loss of INL thickness in parts of the retina with long-standing and severe loss of retinal ganglion cells. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci.

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“…On the first examination, a few days after the accident, both tests were normal; however, three months later, PERG was no longer measurable, while flash ERG was normal (21) . Several authors have suggested that the PERG response may originate in the inner retina; indeed, experimental studies using animal models have confirmed the extinction of the PERG response after optic nerve section (22)(23)(24) and have related the phenomenon to RGC degeneration, as demonstrated by histological examination. Ho wever, using a similar study design, other researchers observed only partial extinction of the PERG response (25) .…”

Section: Origin Of the Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of pattern-reversal electroretinography in the diagnosis of glaucoma

Kreuz

Oyamada

Hatanaka

et al. 2014

Arquivos Brasileiros De Oftalmologia

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Pattern electroretinography is used to assess the function of the inner retinal la yers, particularly the retinal ganglion cell layer, using a reversing checkerboard or grating pattern that maintains a constant overall mean luminance over time. A normal transient response comprises a positive component of the wave (P50) followed by a longer negative component of the wave (N95). Glaucomatous optic neuropathy causes progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells, potentially detectable as abnormalities on examination, particularly in the N95 component. Therefore, pattern electroretinography may be useful in the diagnosis and evaluation of glaucoma. The present article is an updated review of published data regarding the use of pattern electroretinography for the detection of glaucoma-induced retinal changes. Keywords

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Electroretinographic responses and retrograde changes of retinal morphology after intracranial optic nerve section. A quantitative analysis in the cat

Cited by 111 publications

References 22 publications

Current source density analysis of linear and non‐linear components of the primate electroretinogram.

Current source density analysis of linear and non‐linear components of the primate electroretinogram.

Transsynaptic Retinal Degeneration in Optic Neuropathies: Optical Coherence Tomography Study

The role of pattern-reversal electroretinography in the diagnosis of glaucoma

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