Electroretinography in psychiatry: A systematic literature review

Youssef, Peter; Nath, Siddharth; Chaimowitz, Gary; Prat, Sébastien

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2019.09.006

Cited by 34 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…These findings indicate that the ERG is able to reveal differences in the nature of neural transmission that are governed by the same CNS neurotransmitters. The overlapping interactions of genes implicated in ASD and schizophrenia for instance (Hoerder-Suabedissen et al 2013;Pathania et al 2014) and similar changes of a-and b-wave amplitudes and b-wave time to peak in schizophrenia (Hébert et al 2020) and these reported in this study, suggests that the ERG could help our understanding of a diverse range of psychiatric disorders encompassing ASD, ADHD, OCD, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder , Youssef et al 2019. The ERG offers the potential to help our understanding of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions as a non-invasive and objective measure of retinal activity in response to brief flashes of light (Schwitzer et al 2015;.…”

supporting

confidence: 74%

“…It is known that the shape of the ERG is altered in some neurological diseases. A recent systematic review has highlighted the growing use of the ERG in psychiatric disorders and its potential for identifying conditions based on the ERG waveform (Youssef et al 2019). For example, schizophrenia (Hébert et al 2015) found smaller LA a-and b-wave amplitudes as well as a prolonged b-wave peak times, and in depression (Hébert et al 2017) reported a delayed cone b-wave time to peak.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Constable

Ritvo

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

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Light-adapted (LA) electroretinograms (ERGs) from 90 individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), mean age (13.0 ± 4.2), were compared to 87 control subjects, mean age (13.8 ± 4.8). LA-ERGs were produced by a random series of nine different Troland based, full-field flash strengths and the ISCEV standard flash at 2/s on a 30 cd.m -2 white background. A random effects mixed model analysis showed the ASD group had smaller b-and a-wave amplitudes at high flash strengths (p<0.001) and slower b-wave peak times (p<0.001). Photopic hill models showed the peaks of the component Gaussian (p=0.035) and logistic functions (p=0.014) differed significantly between groups. Retinal neurophysiology assessed by LA-ERG provides insight into neural function in ASD and represents a candidate biomarker worthy of additional study.

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supporting

confidence: 74%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Constable

Ritvo

et al. 2020

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…ERG has been performed in other neurodevelopmental diseases and psychiatric disorders [43][44][45][46] and offers an opportunity to non-invasively explore visual system physiology in individuals with intellectual disability and complex pathologies such as FXS. Indeed, a recent systematic review has highlighted the growing use of ERG in psychiatric disorders [46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroretinography and contrast sensitivity, complementary translational biomarkers of sensory deficits in the visual system of individuals with fragile X syndrome

Perche

Lesne²,

Patat³

et al. 2021

J Neurodevelop Disord

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Background Disturbances in sensory function are an important clinical feature of neurodevelopmental disorders such as fragile X syndrome (FXS). Evidence also directly connects sensory abnormalities with the clinical expression of behavioral impairments in individuals with FXS; thus, positioning sensory function as a potential clinical target for the development of new therapeutics. Using electroretinography (ERG) and contrast sensitivity (CS), we previously reported the presence of sensory deficits in the visual system of the Fmr1−/y genetic mouse model of FXS. The goals of the current study were two-folds: (1) to assess the feasibility of measuring ERG and CS as a biomarker of sensory deficits in individuals with FXS, and (2) to investigate whether the deficits revealed by ERG and CS in Fmr1−/y mice translate to humans with FXS. Methods Both ERG and CS were measured in a cohort of male individuals with FXS (n = 20, 18–45 years) and age-matched healthy controls (n = 20, 18–45 years). Under light-adapted conditions, and using both single flash and flicker (repeated train of flashes) stimulation protocols, retinal function was recorded from individual subjects using a portable, handheld, full-field flash ERG device (RETeval®, LKC Technologies Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA). CS was assessed in each subject using the LEA SYMBOLS® low-contrast test (Good-Lite, Elgin, IL, USA). Results Data recording was successfully completed for ERG and assessment of CS in most individuals from both cohorts demonstrating the feasibility of these methods for use in the FXS population. Similar to previously reported findings from the Fmr1−/y genetic mouse model, individuals with FXS were found to exhibit reduced b-wave and flicker amplitude in ERG and an impaired ability to discriminate contrasts compared to healthy controls. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of using ERG and CS for assessing visual deficits in FXS and establishes the translational validity of the Fmr1−/y mice phenotype to individuals with FXS. By including electrophysiological and functional readouts, the results of this study suggest the utility of both ERG and CS (ERG-CS) as complementary translational biomarkers for characterizing sensory abnormalities found in FXS, with potential applications to the clinical development of novel therapeutics that target sensory function abnormalities to treat core symptomatology in FXS. Trial registration ID-RCB number 2019-A01015-52 registered on the 17 May 2019.

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“…Alternatively, electroretinography (ERG) has emerged as a non-invasive and reliable approach to investigate psychiatric disorders (Lavoie et al, 2014c;Youssef et al, 2019) given that the retina belongs to the central nervous system as they share the same embryonic origin (Graw, 2010;Dowling, 2012). The ERG is a biopotential signal generated by the retina in response to a flash of light.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-Specific Retinal Anomalies Induced by Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Mice

Arsenault

Lavigne

Mansouri

et al. 2021

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common consequences of chronic stress. Still, there is currently no reliable biomarker to detect individuals at risk to develop the disease. Recently, the retina emerged as an effective way to investigate psychiatric disorders using the electroretinogram (ERG). In this study, cone and rod ERGs were performed in male and female C57BL/6 mice before and after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Mice were then divided as susceptible or resilient to stress. Our results suggest that CSDS reduces the amplitude of both oscillatory potentials and a-waves in the rods of resilient but not susceptible males. Similar effects were revealed following the analysis of the cone b-waves, which were faster after CSDS in resilient mice specifically. In females, rod ERGs revealed age-related changes with no change in cone ERGs. Finally, our analysis suggests that baseline ERG can predict with an efficacy up to 71% the expression of susceptibility and resilience before stress exposition in males and females. Overall, our findings suggest that retinal activity is a valid biomarker of stress response that could potentially serve as a tool to predict whether males and females will become susceptible or resilient when facing CSDS.

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Electroretinography in psychiatry: A systematic literature review

Cited by 34 publications

References 64 publications

Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Light-Adapted Electroretinogram Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Electroretinography and contrast sensitivity, complementary translational biomarkers of sensory deficits in the visual system of individuals with fragile X syndrome

Sex-Specific Retinal Anomalies Induced by Chronic Social Defeat Stress in Mice

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