Electroslag remelting of alloy steels and alloys

Heat transfer in ESR slags

“…Heat transfer at the bounding surfaces must therefore be accounted for by additional consideration of the convective mechanisms operating in the slag which would be established by the slag temperature gradients, momentum transfer from the falling liquid metal and also by the internal electromagnetic field. This latter conclusion is in agreement with previous reports on the ESR heat balance [25][26][27][28] where the contribution of convection to energy entering the ingot pool surface from the slag is estimated to be a large part of the total energy flow from that source. The principal effect of introducing the photon transfer considerations is that it enhances the effective thermal conductivity of the slag in the bulk region.…”

“…Numerous authors have investigated the heat transfer in liquid slags and fused salts [28][29][30][31][32][33][34]. In the low temperature range (between 400 and 800°C) the fused halides and nitrates show almost complete transparency and the investigators have used considerable experimental sophistication to measure the small contribution to heat flow of phonon conductivity in the absence of heat transfer by a radiation mechanism.…”

Experimental Research on the Absorption of Fluorine in Gamma‐TiAl during Electroslag Remelting

“…Electroslag Re-melting Furnace (ESR) Based on the method of electro-slag welding (ESW) in the 1880s Slavyanov developed the electroslag re-melting process. [11] An overview of the basic operating mode of ESR gives the subsequent Figure 2. During the electroslag re-melting process a self-consumable electrode is gradually molten by contact with a defined liquid slag.…”