Electrosorption of cupric ions from solutions by carbon nanotubes and nanofibres film electrodes grown on graphite substrates

Li, H.B.; Cheng, Zujun; Zhang, M.C.; Zhang, Y.P.; Zhang, Z.J.; Chen, Y.W.; Pan, Likun; Sun, Zhenrong

doi:10.1109/inec.2008.4585478

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The behavior of the structure is similar to a supercapacitor that can be charged or discharged. In order to increase the effective surface of the electrode, nanoporous carbon materials are used to cover the surface of the electrode [5][6][7].…”

Section: Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery in Capacitive Deionization Technology

Pernia¹,

Prieto²,

Martín-Ramos³

et al. 2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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Capacitive deionization technique (CDI) represents an interesting alternative to compete with reverse osmosis by reducing energy consumption. It is based on creating an electric field between two electrodes to retain the salt ions on the electrode surface by electrostatic attraction; thus the CDI cell operates as a supercapacitor storing energy during the desalination process. Most of the CDI research is oriented to improving the electrode materials in order to increase the effective surface and ionic retention. However, if the CDI overall efficiency is to be improved, it is necessary to optimize the CDI cell geometry and the charge/discharge current used during the deionization process. A DC/DC converter is required to transfer the stored energy from one cell to another with the maximum possible efficiency during energy recovery, thus allowing the desalination process to continue. A detailed description of energy losses and the DC/DC converter used to recover part of the energy involved in the CDI process will provide the hints to optimize the efficiency of the CDI technique for water desalination. The proposed chapter presents an electric model to characterize the power losses in CDI cells and the power converter required for the energy recovery process.

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Section: Operating Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Recovery in Capacitive Deionization Technology

Pernia¹,

Prieto²,

Martín-Ramos³

et al. 2018

Desalination and Water Treatment

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“…These electrodes are connected to create an electrical equivalent circuit similar to that of a supercapacitor, as represented in Figure 2. The carbon substances which are used in the electrodes must have good conductivity, high surface area and a suitable pore size distribution [5][6][7][8][9]. The National Coal Institute (INCAR), located in Spain, has developed nanoporous carbon materials with high surface areas that show high electrochemical activity as electrodes when used in supercapacitors [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Peak Current Hysteresis Control for Energy Recovering Converter in CDI Desalination

et al. 2014

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Capacitive De-Ionization (CDI) is becoming a suitable alternative for desalination. The low cost of the materials required and its reduced energy consumption can be critical factors for developing this technique. CDI technology does not require a high-pressure system and the energy storage capability of CDI cells allows it to be reused in other CDI cells, thus minimizing consumption. The goal of the power stage responsible of the energy recovery is transferring the stored energy from one cell to another with the maximum possible efficiency, thus allowing the desalination process to continue. Assuming hysteresis current control is implemented at the DC/DC (direct current) converter, this paper aims to determine the optimum peak current through the inductor in each switching period with a view to maximizing overall efficiency. The geometrical parameters of the desalination cell and the NaCl concentration modify the cell electrical properties. The peak current control of the power stage should be adapted to the cell characteristics so that the efficiency behavior of the whole CDI system can be improved. The mathematical model defined in this paper allows the CDI plant automation using the peak inductor current as control variable, adapting its value to the salt concentration during the desalination process.

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