Electrospinning Fabrication and Cytocompatibility Investigation of Nanodiamond Particles-Gelatin Fibrous Tubular Scaffolds for Nerve Regeneration

Abstract

This paper reports the electrospinning fabrication of flexible nanostructured tubular scaffolds, based on fish gelatin (FG) and nanodiamond nanoparticles (NDs), and their cytocompatibility with murine neural stem cells. The effects of both nanofiller and protein concentration on the scaffold morphology, aqueous affinity, size modification at rehydration, and degradation are assessed. Our findings indicate that nanostructuring with low amounts of NDs may modify the fiber properties, including a certain regional parallel orientation of fiber segments. NE-4C cells form dense clusters that strongly adhere to the surface of FG50-based scaffolds, while also increasing FG concentration and adding NDs favor cellular infiltration into the flexible fibrous FG70_NDs nanocomposite. This research illustrates the potential of nanostructured NDs-FG fibers as scaffolds for nerve repair and regeneration. We also emphasize the importance of further understanding the effect of the nanofiller-protein interphase on the microstructure and properties of electrospun fibers and on cell-interactivity.

Customizing 3D Structures of Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes to Direct Neural Stem Cell Differentiation

“…A similar trend had been reported in electrospun scaffolds composed of fish gelatin and nanodiamond nanoparticles, where NE‐4C cells were able to stretch after 7 days in culture. [ 55 ] Furthermore, the preferential adhesion of NE‐4C cells to the exposed CNT sidewalls caused by capillary‐driven treatment was visible. This preferential adhesion was already observed by Christoph Nick et al.…”

“…A similar trend had been reported in electrospun scaffolds composed of fish gelatin and nanodiamond nanoparticles, where NE-4C cells were able to stretch after 7 days in culture. [55] Furthermore, the preferential adhesion of NE-4C cells to the exposed CNT sidewalls caused by capillary-driven treatment was visible. This preferential adhesion was already observed by Christoph Nick et al [43] Although no mechanism has been highlighted to explain it, nanotopographical cues at the CNTs sidewalls may mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins features and contribute to the observed attachment.…”

Electrospun-Fibrous-Architecture-Mediated Non-Viral Gene Therapy Drug Delivery in Regenerative Medicine

“…The multifarious design, good biocompatibility, reduced immune response and ability to incorporate different types of bioactive molecules [23] make them versatile biomaterial platforms, which are of particular interest to tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, being investigated as potent biomaterials for repair and the regeneration of skin, bone, nerves, etc. [24][25][26][27][28]. Furthermore, the nanofibrous architectures of these systems can efficiently mimic the structure and functions of the native extracellular matrix (ECM), working as highly effective interfaces to retain the cellular morphologies as well as to deliver the incorporated bioactives at the necessary rate to the target site/cells [29,30].…”

Nanostructured Polyacrylamide Hydrogels with Improved Mechanical Properties and Antimicrobial Behavior

“…In this respect, carbon nanostructures have gained a lot of attention due to their mechanical, electronic, and biological properties [10]. Available in various structural forms-0D (fullerenes, carbon dots), 1D (single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) or multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)), 2D (graphene), or 3D (nanodiamonds)-carbon nanostructures offer promising potential for the development of several types of materials, with medical applications ranging from biosensors [11][12][13] to drug delivery systems [14][15][16] or structures for tissue engineering [17][18][19]. Among the investigated nanospecies, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) represent an appealing candidate, due to their high conductivity, high strength, biocompatibility and ease of functionalization [20].…”