Electrospinning of carboxymethyl starch/poly(L‐lactide acid) composite nanofiber

Abstract

Carboxymethyl starch (CMS) is a natural polymer derived from sago starch that is obtained from sago palm (Metroxylon spp.). Herein, CMS was used as a polysaccharide source in preparations of composite nanofibers with poly(L‐lactide acid) (PLLA). The incorporation of CMS with PLLA in nanofiber form has great potential to be used in biomedical applications. The composite PLLA/CMS nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique at various ratios of CMS, which were 5, 10, 15, and 20% vol/vol. The composite nanofibers were characterized according to their physical morphology, chemical interaction, wettability, water uptake, and thermal and mechanical behaviors. The result showed that uniform and bead‐free nanofibers were produced at the low ratio of CMS while fractal and discontinuing fiber was observed at a high ratio of CMS. A better mechanical strength was obtained at low CMS ratio as compared with higher one. Fourier transform infrared results showed that there was an interaction between CMS and PLLA after electrospinning. The surface hydrophilicity and water uptake increased with increasing ratio of CMS. The results from the differential scanning calorimeter analysis showed the decrease of the glass transition (Tg) and cold crystallization temperature (Tcc) of the nanofiber after addition of CMS in PLLA.

Electron-Beam Irradiation of the PLLA/CMS/β-TCP Composite Nanofibers Obtained by Electrospinning

“…Even though CMS consists of a large amount of the hydroxyl group in the molecular structure, the 5% CMS composition in the composite may not contribute to enhance surface hydrophilic of the composite, as can be observed in the non-irradiated samples. Increased CMS to 20% was found to improve the surface hydrophilicity of the composite but destroyed the mechanical integrity of the scaffold, as shown our previous study [4]. The other factors, such as the surface texture and porosity of the nanofibers that might compete with the materials used, thus inhibit further reduction the WCA.…”

“…This study is an extension of our previous work in composite nanofibers. The previous study was carried out to determine the ratio between PLLA/CMS and PLLA/CMS/β-TCP to investigate the effect of the mix ratio of all components [4,34]. The physical, chemical interaction, thermal, mechanical, and invitro degradation of PLLA/CMS/β-TCP composites has been investigated under various electron-beam irradiation doses in the present work.…”

“…Nanofibers have acquired huge interest in the past few decades due their great properties that can be used in a wide range of applications. Nanofibers can provide great surface area over volume, high connected pores, and good mechanical properties [1][2][3][4]. Due to their unique properties, nanofibers have become potential candidates that can be used in various fields such as filtration, electronics, textile, tissue engineering, and drug-delivery systems [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

A mini review on the generation of crimped ultrathin fibers via electrospinning: Materials, strategies, and applications

“…It is worth mentioning that the surface morphology and properties of electrospun fibers can be affected by (I) the working parameters of the electrospinning process represented by ambient parameters (relative humidity and temperature), solution parameters (polymer concentration, molecular weight, viscosity, conductivity, and surface tension), and processing parameters (flow rate, applied voltage, distance between the tip of the needle and the collector [DTC], collector type, and diameter of the needle); (II) electrospinning types; (III) composites; and (IV) postprocessing treatments …”

Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) Nanofiber/Nanoparticle-Covered Yarns for Antibacterial Textile Surfaces

“…Nanofibers have attracted growing attention due to their high surface area, highly porous structure, narrow pore size, and low density. The superior properties of nanofibers enable their use in various fields, such as wastewater filtration [1,2], distillation [3,4], desalination [5,6], air filtration [7,8], biomedical application [9,10], gas sensors [11,12], batteries [13,14], data storage [15], and solar cells [16]. Apart from their many advantages, the weak mechanical properties of nanofibers restrict their use in a wider variety of applications.…”