Electrospinning of liquefied banana stem residue in conjugation with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals: towards new scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Abstract

Electrospun bers have high structural similarity to the extracellular matrix (ECM) of natural bone. Some researchers have tried to fabricate cellulose nano bers using electrospinning method, although the fabricated bers usually exhibited a non-uniform texture. Moreover, the fabricated mats always suffer from low biological, mechanical and structural properties. Thus, the objective of this study was rst to produce a naturally occurring cellulose from banana pseudo-stem through the combination of liquefaction and bleaching processes. The native cellulose was then tried to electrospun in order to determine how a systematic approach based on a Taguchi L 9 orthogonal array can be used to fabricate a defect-free brous mat. Finally, the electrospun cellulose mats incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles were fabricated to generate a new brous nanocomposite with enhanced biological and mechanical characteristics. The results revealed that among the electrospinning parameters, cellulose concentration of solution and applied voltage had the greatest effect on the morphology of the bers.The morphological characterization of the brous nanocomposites showed that brous cellulose/HA mats had a uniform ber texture without any signi cant bead, splashing or particle agglomeration. According to the mechanical tests, the samples containing the higher concentration of HA had a signi cantly higher elastic modulus and tensile strength. The results obtained from bioactivity analysis indicated an interesting morphological transformation into a ake-like structure which con rmed the high bioactivity of the scaffolds. Accordingly, encapsulation of HA nanoparticles inside the cellulose in the brous form can be promising for bone regeneration applications.

Synthesis of highly regular dandelion-like hydroxyapatite particles—a Taguchi experimental design approach

“…This technique can also simply recognize those input variables which have the major impact on the selected response. 29…”

“…This technique can also simply recognize those input variables which have the major impact on the selected response. 29 As shown in Table 1, five processing variables assumed to be more important parameters, with four levels for each were selected in the current study and a Taguchi method based on an L 16 orthogonal array was employed to examine their effects on the objective functions, i.e. the morphology, particle size, crystallite size (D), degree of crystallinity (X c ), Ca/P ratio, and percent purity of the as-synthesized HA particles.…”

New Three-Dimensional Bioactive Reinforcing Filler for Improving the Properties of Biomedical Polymers: Synthesis and Application

“…HA with chemical formula of Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 has some outstanding properties such as bioactivity, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, affinity to biopolymers, identical chemical composition with natural bones, high osteoconduction and osteointegration potential, ability to replace toxic ions, and low water solubility . Because of its remarkable stiffness, the HA filler can increase the elastic modulus and compressive strength of the polymer matrix. , HA particles with one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) geometries have been synthesized using different processes such as hydrothermal synthesis, precipitation, hydrolysis, solid state synthesis, and sol–gel crystallization . In comparison to the 1D and 2D geometries, little effort has been made to synthesize the 3D geometry of HA, which is due to the complicated procedure, which results in nonuniformity of the synthesized particles in terms of size and, as a result, their inapplicability as biomedical fillers.…”

“… 10 Because of its remarkable stiffness, the HA filler can increase the elastic modulus and compressive strength of the polymer matrix. 11 , 12 HA particles with one- and two-dimensional (1D and 2D) geometries have been synthesized using different processes such as hydrothermal synthesis, 13 precipitation, 14 hydrolysis, 15 solid state synthesis, 16 and sol–gel crystallization. 17 In comparison to the 1D and 2D geometries, little effort has been made to synthesize the 3D geometry of HA, which is due to the complicated procedure, which results in nonuniformity of the synthesized particles in terms of size and, as a result, their inapplicability as biomedical fillers.…”