Electrospray as a Source of Nanoparticles for Efficient Colloid Thrusters

Gamero-Castaño, Manuel; Hruby, V.

doi:10.2514/2.5858

Cited by 194 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…(7) and (10) are applied as piecewise modifiers to the integrands in the standard relations [Eqs. (1) and (2)]. These expressions can be applied to more accurately account for fragmentation: Fig.…”

Section: Application To Performance Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such detectors have been prevalent in electrospray thruster characterization, for example the arrangements applied in [1,3,4,7]. The instrument output would differ for particle impact detectors, such as a channel electron multiplier or microchannel plate, which can respond to neutrals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) and (2), respectively [1]. Here, the beam current I b is the total electrical current emitted from the thruster, and I is the fraction of that current collected at flight time t:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Introduction T IME-OF-FLIGHT (TOF) spectrometry measurements have been frequently applied to calculate the performance of electrospray propulsion systems [1][2][3][4], where the emitted beam may comprise a wide range of species mass-to-charge ratios. Electrospray sources targeting purely ionic emissions, without large droplets, are currently in active development due to the associated high specific impulse and power efficiencies [2,[4][5][6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation in Time-of-Flight Spectrometry-Based Calculations of Ionic Electrospray Thruster Performance

Courtney

Shea

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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Nomenclature c k= speed of species k, m∕s f = fraction of solvated ions that fragment I = normalized collected current= calculated mass flow rate, kg∕s m k = mass of species k, kg q = ion electric charge, C T = calculated thrust, N t = flight time V 0 = applied (maximum) potential, V V 1 = electric potential at point of breakup, V Z = metric Z corrected for fragmentation α n = current fraction due to ion solvation n Γ = particle emission rate, particles∕s η = propulsive efficiency

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Section: Application To Performance Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) and (2), respectively [1]. Here, the beam current I b is the total electrical current emitted from the thruster, and I is the fraction of that current collected at flight time t:…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fragmentation in Time-of-Flight Spectrometry-Based Calculations of Ionic Electrospray Thruster Performance

Courtney

Shea

2015

Journal of Propulsion and Power

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“…These original studies used several methods to produce nanodroplets, e.g. by ultrasonification [4,5], electro spraying [6,7] and various thermal methods [8,9]. Evaporation of solution droplets created in these different ways produced a solid whose size was determined by the precursor masses in a droplet [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesizing Nanoparticles Using Reactions Occurring in Aerosol Phases

Yoo¹,

Bruckenstein²

2013

ANP

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Our ultimate objective is to form nanoparticles by merging oppositely charged nanodroplets containing different constituents of the nanoparticle and construct a desktop apparatus to do this. These nanodroplets will be in oppositely charged aerosols originating from oppositely charged solutions containing the different component of the nanoparticle. In this paper, as the first stage in establishing the feasibility of this concept, we demonstrate that droplets formed from uncharged solutions will merge and the product of such reactions is the same as when their bulk solutions are mixed. We demonstrate that this is the case for three classes of reactions: the chemiluminescent reaction between Luminol and Potassium Ferricyanide, the pH sensitive fluorescence of Umbelliferone and the precipitation of Silver Chromate by reaction of Silver Nitrate with Potassium Chromate. We present arguments that our future goal using oppositely charged droplets is more efficient synthetically and will produce a narrow distribution of nanoparticle sizes.

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Ionic Liquids

Stark¹,

Seddon²

2007

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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This article deals with the literature on ionic liquids, with the focus on nomenclature, preparation, and handling of the second‐generation ionic liquids. In the older (and some current) literature, ionic liquids are sometimes called liquid organic salts, fused salts, molten salts, ionic melts, NAILs (nonaqueous ionic liquids), room‐temperature ionic liquids, OILs (organic ionic liquids) and ionic fluids. Their most prominent feature, namely the potential of tuning their physical properties to suit a particular application, is discussed in detail. In addition, areas in which ionic liquids are already applied, and in which their properties promise favorable application in transition‐metal catalyzed reactions, are reviewed. In recent years, many ionic liquids have emerged as environmentally benign alternatives to volatile organic compounds (VOCs, such as trichloromethane, ethanenitrile and dimethylmethanamide), which cause emissions and effectively damage the ecological balance. The merit of ionic liquids, in this respect, is their negligibly small vapor pressure; therefore they are easily retained in a process. This concept has been realized, especially in preparative chemistry, as shown in many examples in this article: when used as solvents in catalytic processes, separation of the solvent (and the catalyst) from the product is facilitated, and recycling is easily possible.

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Electrospray as a Source of Nanoparticles for Efficient Colloid Thrusters

Cited by 194 publications

References 21 publications

Fragmentation in Time-of-Flight Spectrometry-Based Calculations of Ionic Electrospray Thruster Performance

Fragmentation in Time-of-Flight Spectrometry-Based Calculations of Ionic Electrospray Thruster Performance

Synthesizing Nanoparticles Using Reactions Occurring in Aerosol Phases

Ionic Liquids

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