Electrospun Gelatin/poly(Glycerol Sebacate) Membrane with Controlled Release of Antibiotics for Wound Dressing

Abstract

Background:The most important risk that threatens the skin wounds is infections. Therefore, fabrication of a membrane as a wound dressing with the ability of antibiotic delivery in a proper delivery rate is especially important.Materials and Methods:Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) was prepared from sebacic acid and glycerol with 1:1 ratio; then, it was added to gelatin in the 1:3 ratio and was dissolved in 80% (v/v) acetic acid, and finally, ciprofloxacin was added in 10% (w/v) of polymer solution. The gelatin/PGS membrane was fabricated using an electrospinning method. The membrane was cross-linked using ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiim (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) in different time periods to achieve a proper drug release rate. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was being used to manifest the peaks of polymers and drug in the membrane. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the morphology, fibers diameter, pore size, and porosity before and after crosslinking process. Ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectrophotometry was used to show the ciprofloxacin release from the cross-linked membrane.Results:FTIR analysis showed the characteristic peaks of gelatin, PGS, and ciprofloxacin without any added peaks after the crosslinking process. SEM images revealed that nanofibers’ size increased during the crosslinking process and porosity was higher than 80% before and after crosslinking process. UV-visible spectrophotometry showed the proper rate of ciprofloxacin release occurred from cross-linked membrane that remaining in EDC/NHS ethanol solution for 120 min.Conclusion:The obtained results suggest that this recently developed gelatin/PGS membrane with controlled release of ciprofloxacin could be a promising biodegradable membrane for wound dressing.

Development of In Vitro and Ex Vivo Biofilm Models for the Assessment of Antibacterial Fibrous Electrospun Wound Dressings

“…Electrospinning (ES) is a popular method for creating advanced fibrous wound care preparations (e.g., wound dressings) for local antimicrobial drug delivery and wound healing. ES allows the incorporation of one or more antibacterial or antimicrobial agents into the fibrous matrices, and the drug release can be modified and controlled. − Polymeric ES dressings have shown potential for the treatment of chronic wounds, and there are different ES wound matrices already available in the market, such as Restrata and Phoenix. − However, the effectiveness of antibacterial ES fiber dressings has mainly been demonstrated with planktonic bacteria and using standardized antimicrobial assays, such as the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion or broth microdilution methodologies and time–kill assays (e.g., EUCAST disk diffusion, American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) methods; ASTM E2315-16). The mentioned antimicrobial assays are usually used to evaluate and screen the effect of wound care matrices against infection development.…”

Solvent-Free Production by Extrusion of Bio-Based Poly(glycerol-co-diacids) Sheets for the Development of Biocompatible and Electroconductive Elastomer Composites

“…Compared to other poly(glycerol-co-diacids), PGS expresses a shorter in vivo degradation period of up to 60 days. Furthermore, PGS composites with the addition of various fillers, such as proteins (e.g., gelatin [13], zein [14], silk [15], elastin [16]), polysaccharides (e.g., chitosan [17], cellulose [18]), synthetic polymers (e.g., polycaprolactone [19], polyvinylpyrrolidone [20], polyethylene oxide [21]), and inorganic species (e.g., TiO 2 [22], β-tricalcium phosphate [23], Bioglass ® [24], SiO 2 NPs [25], CaTiO 3 ceramic [26], nano-hydroxyapatite [27], halloysite nanotubes [28], carbon nanotubes [29]), show enhanced performances, including better mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, adhesiveness, and biocompatibility. Many works have even reported the use of electrospinning to organize biocompatible scaffolds of PGS composites for tissue engineering or other applications in the field of biomedicine [30,31].…”

Monitoring of the parameters of synthesis of poly(glycerol sebacate) and influence on the physicochemical and biological properties of its elastomer

“…Keywords: poly(glycerol sebacate); polymerisation atmosphere; glycerol; polycondensation; pre-polymerisation; curing INTRODUCTION Poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) is an elastomeric polyester with suitable properties for biomedical and tissue engineering applications, such as biodegradability and biocompatibility [32,[61][62][63]. First reported as a biomaterial by Wang et al in 2002 [3], PGS can be manufactured in a wide range of consistencies, from soft to hard [64], enhancing tissue regeneration and/or substitution [62].…”

“…This is because PGS possesses good biocompatibility and biodegradability together with suitable chemical and mechanical properties [32,61,62,64]. All this together allows PGS usage as a scaffolding material in biomedical and tissue engineering applications, such as drug delivery [27,63] and tissue regeneration of cartilage, nerve, cardiac muscle and bone [13]- [20], among others. Some of the most common techniques for understanding polymer characterization and polymer-tissue interaction, are chemical and biological polymer functionalisation [83,84].…”